Radiation from Medical Procedures, 1999, References, pp. 645-676

REFERENCE LIST

As promised in Chapter 2, dots in the left margin identify sources with extensive bibliographies which reflect the vast body of evidence establishing that ionizing radiation is a cause of almost all kinds of human Cancer. Medical xrays are the source of much of the evidence. [Dotted entries: BEIR, Gofman, ICRP, NAS, NRPB, UNSCEAR.]

When the same last name appears several times, entries are sequenced from the earliest year to the most recent, regardless of the author's first name.

Abbott 1984.: R.D. Abbott + R. Carroll, "Interpreting Multiple Logistic Regression Coefficients in Prospective Observational Studies," American Journal of Epidemiology Vol.119: 830+. 1984.

Abelson 1994.: Philip H. Abelson, "Risk Assessments of Low-Level Exposures," (editorial), Science Vol.265: 1507. September 9, 1994.

ACS (general):: The American Cancer Society is a non-profit organization (USA) whose headquarters are at 1599 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329. Website: < www.cancer.org >. Tel: 404-320-3333.

ACS 1992.: American Cancer Society, "Guidelines for the Wise Use of Medical Xrays." Item Number 2900 on the ACS "Cancer Response System" (Telephone: 1-800-ACS-2345). "Date reviewed" by ACS: January 10, 1992.

ACS-CA (general).: This abbreviates the American Cancer Society's peer-reviewed publication CA - A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. From Jan. 1996, text is available online: www.ca-journal.org

ACS-CA 1992.: Catherine C. Boring + Teresa S. Squires + Tony Tong, "Cancer Statistics, 1992," CA - A Cancer Journal for Clinicians Vol.42, No.1: 19-43. Jan/Feb 1992.

ACS-CA 1997.: Sheryl L. Parker + Tony Tong + Sherry Bolden + Phyllis A. Wingo, "Cancer Statistics, 1997," CA - A Cancer Journal for Clinicians Vol.47, No.1: 5-27. Jan/Feb 1997.

Adam 1987.: E. Adam + J.L. Melnick et al, "High Levels of Cytomegalovirus Antibody in Patients Requiring Vascular Surgery for Atherosclerosis," Lancet: 291-293. 1987.

Adler 1986.: Yolanda T. Adler, book review of Xrays: Health Effects of Common Exams, by John W. Gofman (1985), in Journal of the American Medical Association Vol.256, No.21. Dec. 5, 1986.

AHA (general):: The American Heart Association is a non-profit organization (USA) located at 7272 Greenville Ave., Dallas, TX 75231. Website: < www.americanheart.org >. Among its publications is Circulation.

AHA 1995.: American Heart Association, Heart and Stroke Facts: 1996 Statistical Supplement. 23 pages. This publication uses 1993 provisional and 1992 final mortality statistics. Copyright 1995.

AHA 1996.: American Heart Association, 1997 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. 29 pages. This publication uses 1994 provisional and 1993 final mortality statistics. Copyright 1996.

Ahmed 1990.: Aftab J. Ahmed + Bert W. O'Malley + Frank M. Yatsu, "Presence of a Putative Transforming Gene in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques," (abstract only), Arteriosclerosis Vol.10: 755a. 1990.

Ahrens 1955.: E.H. Ahrens + T.T. Tsaltas + J. Hirsch + W. Insull, Jr., "Effect of Dietary Fats on the Serum Lipids of Human Subjects," Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol.34: 918+. 1955.

AICR 1997.: American Institute for Cancer Research, "The Cancer Process" 1986. Provides the estimate that ~ 35% of Cancer is due to unfavorable diet. Oct. 1997 and April 1999, AICR confirmed this as the current estimate. AICR is co-sponsor of a 660-page report, issued Sept. 1997, entitled Food, Nutrition, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective, prepared by a panel of 16 scholars, chaired by Prof. John D. Potter, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle. (AICR, 1759 "R" Street, NW, Washington DC 20009. Tel: 1-800-843-8114. Website: www.aicr.org ).

Albert 1977.: R.E. Albert et al, "Effect of Carcinogens on Chicken Atherosclerosis," Cancer Research Vol.37: 2232-2235. 1977.

Alfthan 1994.: G. Alfthan + J. Pekkanen + M. Jauhiainen et al, "Relation of Serum Homocysteine and Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations to Atherosclerotic Disease in a Prospective Finnish Population Based Study," Atherosclerosis Vol.106: 9-19. 1994.

AMA (general):: The American Medical Association is a non-profit organization of physicians (USA), with its headquarters at 515 North State St., Chicago IL 60610. Tel: 312-464-5000. Website: www.ama-assn.org Among AMA's publications is JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Assn.

AMA 1950.: American Medical Assn., American Medical Directory, 1950: A Register of Physicians of the United States ... 18th Edition. Edited by Frank V. Cargill. 2,912 pages. 1950.

AMA 1965.: American Medical Assn., Distribution of Physicians in the U.S. by State, Region, District, and County / 1965. Prepared by Christ N. Theodore, Gerald E. Sutter, Grant M. Osborn, Raymond L. White. PhysPop data are "as of April 6, 1964." UCSF Library: RA410.7, D614, 1965.

AMA 1982.: American Medical Assn., Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the U.S., 1982 Edition. 1982.

AMA 1986.: American Medical Assn., Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the U.S., 1986 Edition. 1986.

AMA 1990.: Gene Roback + Lillian Randolph + Bradley Seidman, Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the U.S., 1990 Edition. 278 pages. ISBN 0-89970-403-4. American Medical Assn., Physician Data Services, Division of Survey and Data Resources. 1990. UCSF Library: RA410.7, D614, 1990.

AMA 1993.: Gene Roback + Lillian Randolph + Bradley Seidman, Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the U.S., 1993 Edition. 284 pages. ISBN 0-89970-492-1. American Medical Assn., Dept. of Physician Data Services, Division of Survey and Data Resources. 1993. UCSF Library: RA410.7, D614, 1993.

AMA 1994.: Gene Roback + Lillian Randolph + Bradley Seidman + Thomas Pasko, Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the U.S., 1994 Edition. Data up to Jan. 1, 1993. American Medical Assn., Dept. of Data Services, Division of Survey and Data Resources. 1994. UCSF Library: RA410.7, D614, 1994.

Ambrose 1985.: J.A. Ambrose et al, "Coronary Angiographic Morphology in Myocardial Infarction: A Link between the Pathogenesis of Unstable Angina and Myocardial Infarction," Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol.6: 1233-1238. 1985.

Ambrose 1988.: J.A. Ambrose + 8 co-workers (including V. Fuster), "Angiographic Progression of Coronary Artery Disease and the Development of Myocardial Infarction," Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol.12: 56-62. 1988.

American Cancer Society.: Please see ACS (general), above.

American Heart Association.: Please see AHA (general), above.

Ames 1989.: Bruce N. Ames, "Endogenous DNA Damage as Related to Cancer and Aging," Mutation Research Vol.214: 41-46. 1989.

Ames 1995.: Bruce N. Ames, "The Causes and Prevention of Cancer," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) Vol.92: 5258-5265. 1995.

Amromin 1964.: G.D. Amromin + H.L. Gildenhorn + R.D. Solomon + B.B. Nadkrni + M.L. Jacobs, "The Synergism of X-Irradiation and Cholesterol-Fat Feeding on the Development of Coronary Artery Lesions," J. Atheroscler. Res. Vol.4: 325-334. 1964.

Anderson 1985.: K. Anderson + O. Mattsson, "Critical Analysis of Dose Reduction Trends with Special Reference to Procedures Involved in Fluoroscopy," British J. of Radiology Vol.18 (Suppl.): 46-49. 1985.

Anderson 1989.: Robert E. Anderson + Rolla B. Hill + C.R. Key, "The Sensitivity and Specificity of Clinical Diagnostics during Five Decades: Toward an Understanding of Necessary Fallibility," Journal of the American Medical Assn. Vol.261: 1610-1617. 1989.

Anderson 1990.: Robert E. Anderson + Rolla B. Hill + F. Gorstein, "A Model for the Autopsy-Based Quality Assessment of Medical Diagnostics," Human Pathology Vol.21: 174-181. 1990.

Anderson 1995.: T.J. Anderson + I.T. Meredith + A.C. Yeung + B. Frei + Andrew P. Selwyn + Peter Ganz, "The Effect of Cholesterol-Lowering and Anti-Oxidant Therapy on Endothelium-Dependent Coronary Vasomotion," New England Journal of Medicine Vol.332: 488-493. 1995.

Anitschkow 1933.: N. Anitschkow, "Experimental Arteriosclerosis in Animals," in Arteriosclerosis, edited by E.V. Cowdry. (McMillan Company, New York.) 1933.

Antonis 1961.: A. Antonis + I. Bersohn, "The Influence of Diet on Serum-Triglycerides in South African White and Bantu Prisoners," Lancet 1: 3-9. 1961.

Apple 1994.: Raymond J. Apple + 5 co-workers, "HLA DR-DQ Associations with Cervical Carcinoma Show Papilloma Virus-type Specificity," Nature Genetics Vol.6: 157-162. February 1994.

Apple 1995.: Raymond J. Apple + Thomas M. Becker + Cosette M. Wheeler + Henry A. Ehrlich, "Comparison of Human Leukocyte Antigen DR-DQ Disease Associations Found with Cervical Dysplasia and Invasive Cervical Carcinoma," Journal of the Natl Cancer Institute Vol.87, No.6: 427-436. March 15, 1995.

Arbeit 1996.: Jeffrey M. Arbeit + Peter M. Howley + Douglas Hanahan, "Chronic Estrogen-Induced Cervical and Vaginal Squamous Carcinogenesis in Human PapillomaVirus Type-16 Transgenic Mice," Proceedings of the Natl. Academy of Sciences USA 93: 2930-2935. April 1996. Online journal: www.pnas.org

Armstrong 1989.: M.L. Armstrong + M.B. Megan + D.D. Heistad, "Adaptive Responses of the Artery Wall as Human Atherosclerosis Develops," pp.469-480 in Pathobiology of the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque, edited by S. Glagov + W.P. Newman + S.A. Schaffer. (New York: Springer-Verlag.) 1989.

Arnesen 1995.: E. Arnesen + H. Refsum et al, "Serum Total Homocysteine and Coronary Artery Disease," International Journal of Epidemiology Vol.24: 704-709. 1995.

Artom 1965.: C. Artom + H.B. Loftand Jr. + T.B. Clarkson, "Ionizing Radiation Atherosclerosis and Lipid Metabolism in Pigeons," Radiation Research Vol.26: 165-177. 1965.

Avins 1989.: Andrew L. Avins + R.J. Haber + S.B. Hulley, "The Status of Hypertriglyceridemia as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease," Clin. Lab. Med. Vol.9: 153-168. 1989.

Avins 1997.: Andrew L. Avins, "The Management of High Blood Triglycerides," pp.155-168 in syllabus of 25Th Annual Advances in Internal Medicine, presented by the Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine. (Prof. Avins, UCSF Box 0656, San Francisco CA 94143-0656). June 23, 1997.

Baermann 1904.: G. Baermann + P. Linser, "Uber die Lokale und Allgemeine Wirkung der Rontgenstrahlen," Munchen Med. Wochnschr. Vol.51: 996-999. 1904.

Bailar 1997.: John C. Bailar III + Heather L. Gornik, "Cancer Undefeated," (Special Article), New England Journal of Medicine Vol.336, No.22: 1569-1574. May 29, 1997.

Baverstock 1981.: Keith F. Baverstock et al, "Risk of Radiation at Low Dose Rates," Lancet 1: 430-433. February 21, 1981.

Baverstock 1983.: Keith F. Baverstock, "A Note on Radium Body Content and Breast Cancers in U.K. Radium Luminizers," Health Physics Vol.44, No.1 Suppl.: 575-577, 1983.

Baverstock 1987.: Keith F. Baverstock, "The U.K. Luminizer Survey," British Journal of Radiology Supplemental BIR Report 21, pp.71-76. BIR = Brit. Inst. of Radiology. 1987.

Baverstock 1991.: Response to Billen 1990. Keith F. Baverstock, "Comments on the Commentary by D. Billen," (letter) Radiation Research 126: 383-384. 1991.

Baverstock 1992.: Keith Baverstock + 4 co-workers, "Thyroid Cancer after Chernobyl," (correspondence) Nature Vol.359: 21-22. September 3, 1992.

BEIR 1972.

: Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, The Effects on Populations of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation (also known as the BEIR-1 Report). 217 pages. (National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington DC 20418.) November 1972.

BEIR 1980.

: Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, The Effects on Populations of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation (also known as the BEIR-3 Report). (National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington DC 20418.) 1980.

BEIR 1990.

: Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation (also known as the BEIR-5 Report). National Research Council. Contract from the federal government's Office of Science and Technology. 421 pages. ISBN 0-309-03995-9. (National Academy Press, Washington DC 20418.) 1990.

BEIR 1999.

: Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Health Effects of Exposure to Radon (also known as the BEIR-6 Report). Committee on Health Risks of Exposure to Radon. National Research Council. Prepared under a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency. 500 pages. ISBN 0-309-05645-4. LCCN 98-25503. (National Academy Press, Washington DC 20418.) 1999.

Bell 1974-a.: F.P. Bell + I.L. Adamson + C.J. Schwartz, "Aortic Endothelial Permeability to Albumin: Focal and Regional Patterns of Uptake and Transmural Distribution of I-131-Albumin in the Young Pig," Exp. Mol. Pathol. Vol.20: 57-68. 1974.

Bell 1974-b.: F.P. Bell + A.S. Gallus + C.J. Schwartz, " Focal and Regional Patterns of Uptake and the Transmural Distribution of I-131-Fibrinogen in the Pig Aorta in Vivo," Exp. Mol. Pathol. Vol.20: 281-292. 1974.

Benditt 1973.: Earl P. Benditt + John M. Benditt, "Evidence for a Monoclonal Origin of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol.70, No.6: 1753-1756. June 1973.

Benditt 1974.: Earl P. Benditt, "Evidence for a Monoclonal Origin of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques and Some Implications," Circulation Vol.50: 650-652. 1974.

Benditt 1976.: Earl P. Benditt, "Implications of the Monoclonal Character of Human Athersclerotic Plaques," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol.275: 96-100. 1976.

Benditt 1977.: Earl P. Benditt, "The Origin of Atherosclerosis," Scientific American Vol.236: 74-85. 1977.

Benditt 1988.: Earl P. Benditt, "Origins of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques," Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Vol.112: 997-1001. October 1988.

Bennett 1956.: H.S. Bennett, in J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. Vol.2 (Suppl.): 99-103. 1956.

Beutler 1962.: E. Beutler + M. Yeh + V.F. Fairbanks, "The Normal Human Female as a Mosaic of X-Chromosome Activity ...," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) Vol.48: 9-16. 1962.

Bierman 1976.: E.L. Bierman + J.J. Albers, in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol.275. 1976

Bierman 1992.: Edwin L. Bierman, "Atherogenesis in Diabetes," (George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture), Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis Vol.12, No.6: 647-656. June 1992.

Bihari-Varga 1967.: M. Bihari-Varga + M. Vegh, "Quantitative Studies on the Complexes Formed between Aortic Mucopolysaccharides and Serum Lipoproteins," Biochim. Biophys. ACTA Vol.144: 202-210. 1967.

Billen 1990.: Daniel Billen, "Spontaneous DNA Damage and Its Significance for the `Negligible Dose' Controversy in Radiation Protection," (Commentary), Radiation Research Vol.124: 242-245. 1990. See also Baverstock 1991, Ward 1991.

Billen 1991.: Daniel Billen "Response to Comments of K.F. Baverstock and J.F. Ward," (letter), Radiation Research Vol.126: 388-389.

Bishop 1922.: Louis Faugeres Bishop, "Fluoroscope in the Diagnosis of Diseases of the Heart," Medical Record Vol.101, No.12: 489-491. March 25, 1922.

Bittl 1996.: John A. Bittl, "Advances in Coronary Angioplasty," (review article), New England Journal of Medicine Vol.335, No.17: 1290-1302. October 24, 1996.

Bjorkerud 1971.: S. Bjorkerud + G. Bondjers, "Arterial Repair and Atherosclerosis after Mechanical Injury ..." Atherosclerosis Vol.13: 355-363. 1971.

Black 1975.: A. Black + M.M. Black + G. Gensini, "Exertion and Acute Coronary Injury," Angiology Vol.26: 759-783. 1975.

Blanchard 1967.: R.L. Blanchard, "Concentrations of Pb-210 and Po-210 in Human Soft Tissues," Health Physics Vol.13: 625-632. 1967.

Blankenhorn 1987.: (CLAS Study.) David H. Blankenhorn + S.A. Nessim + R.L. Johnson + M.E. Sanmarco + S.P. Azen + L. Cashin-Hamphill, "Beneficial Effects of Colestipol Niacin Therapy on Coronary Atherosclerosis and Coronary Venous Bypass Grafts," Journal of the American Medical Assn. Vol.257: 3233-3240. 1987.

Blankenhorn 1993.: (MARS Study.) David H. Blankenhorn + S.P. Azen + D.M. Kramsch + W.J. Mack + L. Cashin-Hemphill + Howard N. Hodis + the MARS research group, "The Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression Study (MARS): Coronary Angiographic Changes with Lovastatin Therapy," Annals of Internal Medicine Vol.119: 969-976. 1993.

Blankenhorn 1994.: David H. Blankenhorn + Howard N. Hodis (1992 Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture), "Arterial Imaging and Atherosclerosis Reversal," Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis Vol.14, No.2: 177-192. February 1994.

Blatz 1970.: Hanson W. Blatz, "Regulatory Changes for Effective Programs," in Second Annual National Conference on Radiation Control, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare Report BRH/ORO 70-5. Please see Shapiro 1990, at page 421.

Boice 1977.: John D. Boice, Jr. + Richard R. Monson, "Breast Cancer in Women after Repeated Fluoroscopic Examinations of the Chest," Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol.59: 823-832. 1977.

Boice 1978.: John D. Boice, Jr. + Marvin Rosenstein + E. Dale Trout, "Estimation of Breast Doses and Breast Cancer Risk Associated with Repeated Fluoroscopic Chest Examinations of Women with Tuberculosis," Radiation Research Vol.73: 373-390. 1978.

Boice 1981.: John D. Boice, Jr. + Richard R. Monson + Marvin Rosenstein, "Cancer Mortality in Women after Repeated Fluoroscopic Examinations of the Chest," Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol.66: 863-867. 1981. See also update: Boice 1991.

Boice 1991.: John D. Boice, Jr. + Dale Preston + Faith G. Davis + Richard R. Monson, "Frequent Chest Xray Fluoroscopy and Breast Cancer Incidence among Tuberculosis Patients in Massachusetts," Radiation Research Vol.125: 214-222. 1991.

Bond 1978.: Victor P. Bond + Charles B. Meinhold + H.H. Rossi, "Low-Dose RBE and Q for X Ray Compared to Gamma Ray Radiation," Health Physics Vol.34: 433-438. 1978.

Borek 1983.: C. Borek + E.J. Hall + M. Zaider, "Xrays May Be Twice as Potent as Gamma for Malignant Transformation at Low Doses," Nature Vol.301: 156-158. 1983.

Bosch 1995.: F.X. Bosch et al, "Prevalence of Human PapillomaVirus in Cervical Cancer: A Worldwide Perspective," Journal of the National Cancer Inst. (USA) Vol.87: 796-802. 1995.

Boveri 1914.: Theodore Boveri, The Origin of Malignant Tumors. First issued in 1914 in the German language. English-language edition published in 1929 by Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 1914.

Boyer 1996.: Herb Boyer, co-founder of Genentech, interviewed by Carl T. Hall in "Biotechnology Revolution, 20 Years Later: Genentech's Founders Pioneered It All," pp.B-1 + B-2, San Francisco Chronicle, May 28, 1996.

Braestrup 1942.: Carl. B. Braestrup, "Xray Protection in Diagnostic Radiology," Radiology Vol.38: 207-216. 1942.

Braestrup 1969.: Carl B. Braestrup, Past and Present Status of Radiation Protection. A Comparison. Report, Seminar Paper 005. (U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Consumer Protection and Environmental Control Administration, Washington, DC.) 1969. Please see Shapiro 1990, at page 379.

Bragdon 1956.: J.H. Bragdon + R.J. Havel + Boyle, in Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine Vol.48: 36+. 1956.

Braunwald 1997.: Eugene Braunwald, "Cardiovascular Medicine at the Turn of the Millennium: Triumphs, Concerns, and Opportunities," Shattuck Lecture (special article) New England Journal of Medicine Vol.337, No.19: 1360-1369. November 6, 1997.

Brenner 1989.: D.J. Brenner + H.I. Amols, "Enhanced Risk from Low-Energy Screen-Film Mammography Xrays," British Journal of Radiology Vol.62: 910-914. 1989.

Brensike 1984.: (NHLBI Study.) J.F. Brensiki + 8 co-workers, "Effects of Therapy with Cholestyramine on Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis: Results of the NHLBI Type II Coronary Intervention Study," Circulation Vol.69: 313-324. 1984. NHLBI = Natl. Heart, Lung, Blood Inst.

Brewen 1973.: J.G. Brewen + R.J. Preston + K.P. Jones + D.G. Gosslee, "Genetic Hazards of Ionizing Radiations: Cytogenetic Extrapolations from Mouse to Man," Mutation Research Vol.17: 245-254. 1973.

Brosius 1981.: Frank C. Brosius III + Bruce F. Waller + William C. Roberts, "Radiation Heart Disease: Analysis of 16 Young (Aged 15 to 33 Years) Necropsy Patients Who Received Over 3,500 Rads to the Heart," American Journal of Medicine Vol.70: 519-530. March 1981.

Brown 1986.: B. Greg Brown + 7 co-workers, "Incomplete Lysis of Thrombus in the Moderate Underlying Atherosclerotic Lesion during Intracoronary Infusion of Streptokinase for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Quantitative Angiographic Observations," Circulation Vol.73: 653-661. 1986.

Brown 1989.: B. Greg Brown + 6 co-workers, "Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients with Probable Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Quantitative Arteriographic Assessment of Patients in NHLBI Type II Study," Arteriosclerosis Vol.9 (suppl.1): 81-90. 1989. NHLBI = Natl. Heart, Lung, Blood Inst.

Brown 1990.: (FATS Study.) B. Greg Brown + John J. Albers et al, "Regression of Coronary Artery Disease as a Result of Intensive Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Men with High Levels of Apolipoprotein-B, " New England Journal of Medicine Vol.323: 1289-1298. 1990.

Brown 1993.: B. Greg Brown + Xue-Qiao Zhao + Dianne E. Sacco + John J. Albers, "Lipid Lowering and Plaque Regression: New Insights into Prevention of Plaque Disruption and Clinical Events in Coronary Disease," (Clinical Progress Series), Circulation Vol.87, No.6: 1781-1791. June 1993.

Buchwald 1990.: (POSCH Study.) H. Buchwald + R.L. Varco + J.P. Matts + J.M. Long + L.L. Fitch + G.S. Campbell, "Effect of Partial Ileal Bypass on Mortality and Morbidity from Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia: Report of the Program on Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH), New England Journal of Medicine Vol.323: 946-955. 1990.

Bucky 1927.: Gustav Bucky, "`Grenz' (Infra-Roentgen) Ray Therapy," American journal of Roentgenology and Radium Therapy Vol.17, No.6: 645-650. 1927.

Budowski 1985.: P. Budowski + M.A. Crawford, "Alpha-Linolenic Acid as a Regulator of the Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid: Dietary Implications of the Ratio, n-6:n-3 Fatty Acids," Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Vol.44: 221-229. 1985.

Buja 1994.: L.M. Buja + J.T. Willerston, "Role of Inflammation in Coronary Plaque Disruption," Circulation Vol. 89: 503-503. 1994.

Burke 1998.: A.P. Burke + G.T. Malcom + Y. Liang + J. Smialek + Renu Virmani, "Effect of Risk Factors on the Mechanism of Acute Thrombosis and Sudden Coronary Death in Women," Circulation Vol.97, No.21: 2110-2116. June 2, 1998.

Burke 1999.: Allen P. Burke + 5 co-workers, "Plaque Rupture and Sudden Death Related to Exertion in Men with Coronary Artery Disease," Journal of the American Medical Assn Vol.281, No.10: 921-926. March 10, 1999.

Burr 1989.: M.L. Burr + A.M. Fehily + J.F. Gilbert et al, "Effects of Changes in Fat, Fish, and Fibre Intakes on Death and Myocardial Infarction: Diet and Reinfarction Trial (DART), Lancet Vol.334: 757-761. 1989.

Burton 1998.: Elizabeth C. Burton + Dana A. Troxclair + William P. Newman III, "Autopsy Diagnoses of Malignant Neoplasms: How Often Are Clinical Diagnoses Incorrect?", Journal of the American Medical Assn. Vol.280: 1245-1248. 1998.

Buschke 1942.: Franz Buschke + Herbert M. Parker, "Possible Hazards of Repeated Fluoroscopies in Infants," Journal of Pediatrics Vol.21: 524-533. October 1942.

Campbell 1988.: Gordon R. Campbell + Julie H. Campbell + John A. Manderson + Sophie Horrigan + Robyn E. Rennick, "Arterial Smooth Muscle: A Multifunctional Mesenchymal Cell," Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine vol.112: 977-986. October 1988.

Carlson 1979.: L.A. Carlson + L.E. Bottiger + P-E. Ahlfeldt, "Risk Factors for Myocardial Infarction in the Stockholm Perspective Study," ACTA Medica Scandinavia 206: 351-360, 1979.

Caro 1971.: C. Caro + J. Fitz-Gerald + R. Schroter, "Atheroma and Arterial Wall Shear: Observation, Correlation and Proposal of a Shear-Dependent Mass Transfer Mechanism for Atherogenesis," Proceedings of the Royal Society (London), B177, 109-159. 1971.

Cashin-Hemphill 1990.: (CLAS II Study.) L. Cashin-Hemphill + W.J. Mack + M.J. Pogoda + M.E. Sanmarco + S.P. Azen + David H. Blankenhorn, "Beneficial Effects of Colestipol-Niacin on Coronary Atherosclerosis," Journal of the American Medical Assn. Vol.264: 3013-3017. 1990.

Castelli 1986.: William P. Castelli, "The Triglyceride Issue: A View from Framingham," American Heart Journal Vol.112, No.2: 432-437. August 1986.

Cathcart 1985.: M.K. Cathcart + D.W. Morel + G.M. Chisholm, in J. Leuk. Biol. Vol.38: 341-350. 1985.

Celermajer 1998.: David S. Celermajer, "NonInvasive Detection of Atherosclerosis," (Editorial), New England Journal of Medicine Vol.339, No.27: 2014-2015. Dec. 31, 1998.

Census Bureau 1951.: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Dept. of Commerce. "Intercensal Estimates of the Population of Regions, Divisions, and States: July 1, 1940 to 1949. Current Population Reports, Population Estimates, Series P-25, No.47, March 9, 1951.

Census Bureau 1959.: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Current Population Reports, Population Estimates, Series P-25, No.210, December 27, 1959. State populations: July 1, 1959.

Census Bureau 1994.: Bureau of the Census, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 114th Edition, The National Data Book. 1994.

Chambers + Zweifach 1947.: R. Chambers + B.W. Zweifach, in Physiol. Review Vol.27: 436-463. 1947.

Cheng 1993.: (Please compare with next entry.) G.C. Cheng + H.M. Loree + R.D. Kamm + M.C. Fishbein + R.T. Lee, "Distribution of Circumferential Stress in Ruptured and Stable Atherosclerotic Lesions: A Structural Analysis with Histopathologic Correlation," Circulation Vol.87: 1179-1187. 1993.

Cheng 1993.: (Please compare with preceding entry.) Keith C. Cheng + Lawrence A. Loeb, "Genomic Instability and Tumor Progression: Mechanistic Considerations," Advances in Cancer Research 60: 121-156. 1993.

Chesebro 1992.: J.H. Chesebro + M.W.I. Webster + P. Zoldhelyi + P.C. Roche + L. Badimon + J.J. Badimon, "Antithrombotic Therapy and Progression of Coronary Artery Disease," Circulation Vol.86 (suppl.3): 100-111. 1992.

Ciampricotti 1989.: R. Ciampricotti + M.E. el Gamal + J.J. Bonnier + T.H. Relik, "Myocardial Infarction and Sudden Death after Sport: Acute Angiographic Findings," Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. Vol.17: 193-197. 1989.

Clarke 1995.: Mike Clarke + Rory Collins + Jon Godwin + Richard Gray + Richard Peto (writing for the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group) "Effects of RadioTherapy and Surgery in Early Breast Cancer: An Overview of Randomized Trials," New England J of Medicine Vol.333, No.22: 1444-1455. Nov. 30, 1995.

Clarkson 1994.: T.B. Clarkson + R.W. Prichard + 3 co-workers, "Remodeling of Coronary Arteries in Human and NonHuman Primates," Journal of the American Medical Assn. Vol.271: 289-294. 1994.

Cohen 1985.: M. Cohen. "Quality Assurance as an Optimising Procedure in Diagnostic Radiology, "British Journal of Radiology Vol.18 (Suppl.): 134-141. 1985.

Cohn 1946.: Edwin J. Cohn + 5 co-workers, "Preparation and Properties of Serum and Plasma Proteins: IV. System for Separation into Fractions of Protein and Lipoprotein Components of Biological Tissues and Fluids," in Journal of the American Chemical Society Vol.68: 459-475. 1946.

Cohn 1967.: Keith E. Cohn + J. Robert Stewart + Luis F. Fajardo + E. William Hancock + Henry S. Kaplan, "Heart Disease following Radiation," Medicine Vol.46: 281-298. May 1967.

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DeLalla 1961.: Oliver F. DeLalla + John W. Gofman, "On the Population Distributions of Both the Low-Density Lipoproteins and the High-Density Lipoproteins and the Serum Proteins: A) Biological Distributions. B) Lipoprotein and Protein Interclass Relationships," (chapter) pp.137-151 in Lipide und Lipoproteide im Blutplasma, Edited by Fritz Pezold. (Springer Verlag, Berlin.) 1961.

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DeLorgeril 1996.: Michel deLorgeril + Patricia Salen + Jean-Louis Martin + Nicole Mamelle + Isabelle Monjaud + Paul Touboul + Jacques Delaye, "Effect of a Mediterranean Type of Diet on the Rate of Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease," Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 28: 1103-1108. 1996.

DeLorgeril 1997.: Michel DeLorgeril et al, "Control of Bias in Dietary Trial to Prevent Coronary Recurrences: The Lyon Diet Heart Study," European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol.51: 116-122. 1997.

DeLorgeril 1998.: Michel deLorgeril + Patricia Salen + Jen-Louis Martin + Isabelle Monjaud + Philippe Boucher + Nicole Mamelle, "Mediterranean Dietary Pattern in a Randomized Trial: Prolonged Survival and Possible Reduced Cancer Rate," Archives of Internal Medicine Vol.158: 1181-1187. 1998.

DeLorgeril 1999.: Michel deLorgeril + Patricia Salen + Jean-Louis Martin + Isabelle Monjaud + Jacques Delaye + Nicole Mamelle, "Mediterranean Diet, Traditional Risk Factors, and the Rate of CardioVascular Complications after Myocardial Infarction: Final Report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study," Circulation Vol.99: 779-785. February 16, 1999.

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Faggiotto 1984-b.: Faggiotto + Russell Ross, Arteriosclerosis Vol.4: 341-356. 1984.

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FDA 1995.: Food and Drug Administration, Handbook of Selected Tissue Doses for Fluoroscopic and Cine-Angiographic Examination of the Coronary Arteries. By Stanley Stern + 3 co-workers. 27 pages. HHS Publication FDA 95-8288. (U.S. Food and Drug Admin., Center for Devices and Radiological Health; see FDA 1994.) September 1995.

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Fuster 1992.: Valentin Fuster + L. Badimon + J.J. Badimon + J.H. Chesebro, "The Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease and the Acute Coronary Syndromes," New England J. Medcine Vol.326: 242-250, 310-318. 1992.

Fuster 1994.: Valentin Fuster, "Mechanisms Leading to Myocardial Infarction: Insights from Studies of Vascular Biology," (Lewis A. Conner Memorial Lecture), Circulation Vol.90: 2126-2146. Oct. 1994. (Erratum: Vol.91: 256.)

Fuster 1995.: Valentin Fuster + J.J. Badimon, "Regression or Stabilization of Atherosclerosis Means Regression or Stabilization of What We Don't See in the Arteriogram," European Heart Journal Vol.16, suppl.E: 6-12. 1995.

Fuster 1997.: Valentin Fuster + David A. Vorchheimer, "Prevention of Atherosclerosis in Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafts," (editorial), New England Journal of Medicine Vol.336, No.3: 212-213. 1997.

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Giovino 1994.: Please see MMWR 1994.

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Glagov 1972.: S. Glagov, "Hemodynamic Risk Factors: Mechanical Stress, Mural Architecture, Medial Nutrition, and the Vulnerability of Arteries to Atherosclerosis," in The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis , edited by R.W. Wissler + J.C. Geer. (Publisher: Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland.) 1972.

Glagov 1987.: S. Glagov + E. Weisenberg + 3 co-workers, "Compensatory Enlargement of Human Atherosclerotic Coronary Arteries," New England Journal of Medicine Vol.316: 371-375. 1987.

Glazier 1954.: Frank W. Glazier + Arthur R. Tamplin + Beverly Strisower + Oliver F. DeLalla + John W. Gofman + Thomas R. Dawber + Edward Phillips, "Human Serum Lipoprotein Concentrations," Journal of Gerontology Vol.9: 395-402. October 1954.

Gofman 1949.: John W. Gofman + Frank T. Lindgren + Harold A. Elliott, “Ultracentrifugal Studies of Lipoproteins of Human Serum,” Journal of Biological Chemistry Vol.179: 973-979. 1949.

Gofman 1950-a.: John W. Gofman + Frank T. Lindgren + Harold A. Elliott + William Mantz + John Hewitt + Beverly Strisower + Virgil Herring + Thomas P. Lyon, "The Role of Lipids and Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis," Science Vol.111, No.2877: 166-171 & 186. Feb. 17, 1950.

Gofman 1950-b.: John W. Gofman + Hardin B. Jones + Frank T. Lindgren + Thomas P. Lyon + Harold A. Elliott + Beverly Strisower, "Blood Lipids and Human Atherosclerosis," Circulation Vol.2, No.2: 161-178. August 1950.

Gofman 1951-a.: John W. Gofman + Frank T. Lindgren + Hardin B. Jones + Thomas P. Lyon + Beverly Strisower, "Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis," Journal of Gerontology, Vol.6, No.2: 105-119. April 1951.

Gofman 1951-b.: John W. Gofman, "Biophysical Approaches to Atherosclerosis," in Biological and Medical Physics, Vol.2: 269-280. 1951.

Gofman 1952-a.: John W. Gofman + Hardin B. Jones + Thomas P. Lyon + Frank T. Lindgren + Beverly Strisower + David Colman + Virgil Herring. "Blood Lipids and Human Atherosclerosis," Circulation Vol.5, No.1: 110-134. Jan. 1952.

Gofman 1952-b.: John W. Gofman + Hardin B. Jones, “Obesity, Fat Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease,” Circulation Vol.5, No.4: 514-517. April 1952.

Gofman 1952-c.: John W. Gofman, "Diet and Lipotrophic Agents in Atherosclerosis." Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, Vol. 28, No.5: 279-293. May 1952.

Gofman 1952-d.: John W. Gofman, "Lipoprotein Transformations in Health and Disease," Educational Proceedings of the Permanente Hospitals (Kaiser) Vol.2: 174+. 1952.

Gofman 1953.: John W. Gofman + Beverly Strisower + Oliver DeLalla + Arthur Tamplin + Hardin B. Jones + Frank Lindgren, "Index of Coronary Artery Atherogenesis," Modern Medicine, June 15, 1953, Pages 119-140.

Gofman 1954-a.: John W. Gofman + Oliver DeLalla + Frank Glazier + Norman K. Freeman + Frank T. Lindgren + Alex V. Nichols + Beverly Strisower + Arthur R. Tamplin, "The Serum Lipoprotein Transport System in Health, Metabolic Disorders, Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease," Plasma (Milano, Italy) Vol.2, No.4: 413-484. 1954.

Gofman 1954-b.: John W. Gofman, "The Nature of the Relationship of Disturbance in Blood Lipid Transport with the Evolution of Clinical Coronary Heart Disease," Transactions of the American College of Cardiology Vol.4: 198-220. 1954.

Gofman 1954-c.: John W. Gofman + Arthur Tamplin + Beverly Strisower, "Relation of Fat and Caloric Intake to Atherosclerosis," Journal of the Amer. Dietetic Assn Vol.30, No.4: 317-326. April 1954.

Gofman 1954-d.: John W. Gofman + Frank Glazier + Arthur Tamplin + Beverly Strisower + Oliver DeLalla, "Lipoproteins, Coronary Heart Disease, and Atherosclerosis," Physiological Reviews, Vol.34, No. 2: 589-607. July 1954.

Gofman 1954-e.: John W. Gofman + Leonard Rubin + James P. McGinley + Hardin B. Jones, "Hyperlipoproteinemia," American Journal of Medicine Vol.17, No.4: 514-520. October 1954.

Gofman 1955.: John W. Gofman + Frank T. Lindgren + Beverly Strisower + Oliver F. DeLalla + Frank Glazier + Arthur R. Tamplin, "Cigarette Smoking, Serum Lipoproteins, and Coronary Heart Disease." Geriatrics Vol. 10: 349-354. August 1955.

Gofman 1957.: John W. Gofman, What We Do Know About Heart Attacks. (G.P. Putnam's Sons, publisher, New York City.) 1957.

Gofman 1958.: John W. Gofman, "Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction," THE American Journal of Cardiology Vol.1, No.2: 271-283. February 1958.

Gofman 1958-b.: John W. Gofman + Alex V. Nichols + E. Virginia Dobbin, Dietary Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease. 256 pages. LCCN 58-10072. (G.P. Putnam's Sons, publisher, New York City.) 1958.

Gofman 1959.: John W. Gofman, Coronary Heart Disease. 353 pages. LCCN 58-14073. (Charles C. Thomas Publishers, Springfield, Illinois.) 1959.

Gofman 1963.: John W. Gofman + Wei Young, "The Filtration Concept of Atherosclerosis and Serum Lipids in the Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis," Chapter 6 in Atherosclerosis and Its Origins. (Academic Press Inc., New York City.) 1963.

Gofman 1966.: John W. Gofman + Wei Young + Robert Tandy, “Ischemic Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, and Longevity,” (the George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture), Circulation Vol.34: 679-697. October 1966.

Gofman 1969.: John W. Gofman, "The Quantitative Nature of the Relationship of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease Risk," Cardiology Digest Vol.4, No.2: 28-38. February 1969.

Gofman 1969-b.: John W. Gofman + Arthur R. Tamplin, "Low Dose Radiation and Cancer," paper presented Oct. 29, 1969 at the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, San Francisco. In IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Vol.NS-17, No.1: 1-9, February 1970. (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, New York City.)

Gofman 1971.

: John W. Gofman + Arthur R. Tamplin, "Epidemiologic Studies of Carcinogenesis by Ionizing Radiation," presented July 20, 1971. Pages 235-277 in Proceedings of the Sixth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability: Vol. 6: Effects of Pollution on Health. Edited by L.M. Lecam + J. Neyman + E. Scott. 1972. (University of California Press, Berkeley CA 94720.)

Gofman 1976.: John W. Gofman, "The Plutonium Controversy," Journal of the American Medical Assn. Vol.236, No.3: 284-286. July 19, 1976.

Gofman 1978.: John W. Gofman, "Serum Lipoproteins, Coronary Atherosclerosis, and Ischemic Heart Disease," paper given at the San Francisco symposium "New Frontiers on the Relationships of Lipids, Lipoproteins, and the Arterial Wall in Cardiovascular Disease," jointly sponsored by the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, Extended Programs in Medical Education, and U.C. Berkeley Lifelong Learning Program. January 28, 1978.

Gofman 1981.

: John W. Gofman, Radiation and Human Health. 908 pages. ISBN 0-87156-275-8. LCCN 80-26484. (Sierra Club Books, San Francisco.) 1981. [A Japanese-language edition (1991) is available from Shakai Shiso Sha Ltd., ISBN 4-390-50185-2.]

Gofman 1985.: John W. Gofman + Egan O'Connor, X-Rays: Health Effects of Common Exams. 440 pages. ISBN 0-87156-838-1. LCCN 84-23527. (Sierra Club Books, San Francisco.) 1985.

Gofman 1986.: John W. Gofman, "Assessing Chernobyl's Cancer-Consequences," presentation as a panelist at the Symposium on Low-Level Radiation, 192nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, held in Anaheim, California. Sept. 9, 1986.

Gofman 1988.: John W. Gofman, "A Proposal Concerning `the New Dosimetry'," (letter), Health Physics Vol.55, No.1: 580-581. September 1988.

Gofman 1990.

: John W. Gofman, Radiation-Induced Cancer from Low-Dose Exposure: An Independent Analysis. 480 pages. ISBN 0-932682-89-8. LCCN 89-62431. (Committee for Nuclear Responsibility Books. San Francisco.) 1990. Also available online at www.ratical.org/radiation/CNR/ [A Russian-language edition (1995) is available from the Socio-Ecological Union, Lydia Popova, Center for Nuclear Ecology, Moscow. Email: seulydia@glas.apc.org Website: www.ecoline.ru ]

Gofman 1990-b.: Recollections of the "impossible" early events in the Donner group's lipoprotein-atherosclerosis research. Presented informally at "The Donner Dinner," June 22, 1990, in honor of Virgie Shore and Frank T. Lindgren.

Gofman 1992.: John W. Gofman, "Bio-Medical `Un-Knowledge' and Nuclear Pollution: A Common-Sense Proposal," presented Dec. 9, 1992 on the occasion of the Right Livelihood Award, Stockholm. (Right Livelihood Award Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden). 1992.

Gofman 1994.: John W. Gofman, Chernobyl Accident: Radiation Consequences for This and Future Generations. 574 pages, in the Russian language. Translated from English by Professors Emanuel I. Volmyansky and Olga A. Volmyanskaya. ISBN 5-339-00869-X. (Vysheishaya Shkola Publishing House, 11 Masharov Avenue, Minsk 220048, Belarus.) 1994.

Gofman 1995.: John W. Gofman, Preventing Breast Cancer: The Story Of A Major, Proven, Preventable Cause Of This Disease, First Edition. 339 pages. LCCN 94-69129. ISBN 0-932682-94-4. (Committee for Nuclear Responsibility Books, San Francisco.) 1995.

Gofman 1995/96.: This notation refers to the identical parts of Gofman 1995 and 1996 --- namely, Chapters 1 through 42.

Gofman 1996.: John W. Gofman, Preventing Breast Cancer: The Story Of A Major, Proven, Preventable Cause Of This Disease, Second Edition. (Second Edition adds Section 5, covering critiques of the First Edition.) 422 pages. LCCN 96-2453. ISBN 0-932682-96-0. (Committee for Nuclear Responsibility Books, San Francisco.) 1996. Also available online: www.ratical.org/radiation/CNR/

Gofman 1996-b.: John W. Gofman, "Atherosclerotic Heart Disease and Cancer: Looking for the `Smoking Guns'," (in the "Milestones in Biological Research" series of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology), FASEB Journal Vol.10: 661-663. April 1996.

Gofman 1998.: John W. Gofman, "Asleep at the Wheel: The Special Menace of Inherited Afflictions from Ionizing Radiation," CNR PUBLICATION 9810. (Committee for Nuclear Responsibility, San Francisco.) 1998. Also online at www.ratical.org/radiation/CNR/

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Leibovic 1983.: S.J. Leibovic + W.J.H. Caldicott, "Gastrointestinal Fluoroscopy: Patient Dose and Methods for its Reduction," British Journal of Radiology Vol.56: 715-719. 1983.

Libby 1995.: Peter Libby, "Molecular Bases of the Acute Coronary Syndromes: From Bench to Bedside," Circulation Vol.91, No.11: 2844-2850. June 1, 1995.

Libby 1997.: Peter Libby + Debra Egan + Sonia Skarlatos, "Roles of Infectious Agents in Atherosclerosis and Restenosis: An Assessment of the Evidence & Need for Future Research," Circulation Vol.96: 4095-4103. Dec.2, 1997.

Lichtenstein 1996.: Daniel A. Lichtenstein et al, "Chronic Radiodermatitis Following Cardiac Catheterization," Archives of Dermatology Vol.132: 663-667. 1996.

Linder 1947.: Forrest E. Linder + Robert D. Grove, Vital Statistics Rates in the United States 1900-1940. 1,051 pages. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 1947.

Linder 1965.: D. Linder + Stanley M. Gartler, "Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Mosaicism: Utilization as a Cell Marker in the Study of Leiomyomas," Science Vol.150: 67-69. 1965.

Lindgren 1950.: Frank T. Lindgren + Harold A. Elliott + John W. Gofman + Beverly Strisower, "The Ultracentrifugal Composition of Normal Rabbit Serum," Journal of Biological Chemistry Vol.182, No.1: 1-4. January 1950.

Lindgren 1951.: Frank T. Lindgren + Harold A. Elliott + John W. Gofman, "The Ultracentrifugal Characterization and Isolation of Human Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins, with Applications to the Study of Atherosclerosis," Journal of Physical and Colloid Chemistry Vol.55, No.1: 80-93. January 1951.

Lindgren 1955.: Frank T. Lindgren + Alex V. Nichols + Norman K. Freeman, "Physical and Chemical Composition Studies on the Lipoproteins of Fasting and Heparinized Human Sera," Journal of Physical Chemistry Vol.59: 930-938. 1955.

Lindgren 1956.: Frank T. Lindgren + Norman K. Freeman + Alex V. Nichols + John W. Gofman, "The Physical Chemistry of Lipoprotein Transformation," pp.224-242 in The Blood Lipids and the Clearing Factor, proceedings of the Third International Conference on Biochemical Problems of Lipids (Brussels), July 26-28, 1956.

Lindgren 1957.: Frank T. Lindgren + John W. Gofman, "The Role of Lipoproteins in Coronary Disease," Bulletin of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences Vol.13, Fasc.1-4: 152-178. 1957. From Symposium on Arteriosclerosis, in Basle, August 8-10, 1956.

Lindgren 1959.: Frank T. Lindgren + Alex V. Nichols + Thomas L. Hayes + Norman K. Freeman + John W. Gofman, "Structure and Homogeneity of the Low-Density Serum Lipoproteins," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol.72, Article 14: 826-844. June 16, 1959.

Lindgren 1960.: Frank T. Lindgren + Alex V. Nichols, "Structure and Function of Human Serum Lipoproteins," Chapter 11 (pp. 1-58) in The Plasma Proteins Vol.2: Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Alterations in Disease, edited by Frank W. Putnam. LCCN 59-15756. (Academic Press, New York, London). UCSF Lib'y: QP 99.3, P7, P87, v.2 1960.

Linser 1904.: P. Linser, in Fortschr. a. d. Geb. d. Roentgenstrahlen Vol.8: 97. 1904.

Lipid 1995.: (Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin, in Ischemic Disease.) Lipid Study Group, "Design Features and Baseline Characteristics of the LIPID Study: A Randomized Trial in Patients with Previous Acute Myocardial Infarction and/or Unstable Angina Pectoris," American J. of Cardiology Vol.76: 474-479. 1995.

LipidRC 1984.: "Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results I. Reduction in Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease," and "Results II. The Relationship of Reduction in Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease to Cholesterol Lowering," J. of the Amer. Medical Assn. Vol.251: 351-374. 1984.

Little 1965.: J.B. Little + Edward P. Radford + H.L. McCombs + V.R. Hunt, "Distribution of Polonium-210 in Pulmonary Tissues of Cigarette Smokers," New England J. of Med. Vol.273: 1343-1351. 1965.

Little 1988.: William C. Little + Martin Constantinescu + Robert J. Applegate + Michael A. Kutcher + 3 colleagues, "Can Coronary Angiography Predict the Site of a Subsequent Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Coronary Artery Disease?" Circulation Vol.78, No.5: 1157-1166. November 1988.

Little 1997.: John B. Little, "What Are the Risks of Low-Level Exposure to Alpha-Radiation from Radon?" (commentary), Proceedings of the Natl. Academy of Sciences (USA) Vol.94: 5996-5997. June 1997.

Liuzzo 1994.: G. Liuzzo et al, "The Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein and Serum Amyloid A Protein in Severe Unstable Angina," New England J. Med. Vol.331: 417-424. 1994.

Lloyd 1986.: David C. Lloyd + A.A. Edwards + J.S. Prosser, "Chromosome Aberrations Induced in Human Lymphocytes by in Vitro Acute X and Gamma Radiation," Radiation Protection & Dosimetry Vol.15: 83-88. 1986.

Lloyd 1988.: David C. Lloyd + 8 co-workers, "Frequencies of Chromosomal Aberrations Induced in Human Blood Lymphocytes by Low Doses of Xrays," International J. of Radiation Biology Vol.53, No.1: 49-55. 1988.

Lloyd 1992.: David C. Lloyd + 10 co-workers, "Chromosomal Aberrations in Human Lymphocytes Induced in Vitro by Very Low Doses of Xrays," International Journal of Radiation Biology Vol.61: 335-343. 1992.

Longo 1979.: D.L. Longo + R.C. Young, "Cosmetic Talc and Ovarian Cancer," Lancet ii: 349-351. 1979.

Loree 1992.: H.M. Loree + R.D. Kamm + R.G. Stringfellow + R.T. Lee, "Effects of Fibrous Cap Thickness on Peak Circumferential Stress in Model Atherosclerotic Vessels," Circ. Research 71: 850-858. 1992.

Lorgeril.: Please see DeLorgeril.

Lucas 1992.: Joe N. Lucas + Akio Awa + Tore Straume + M. Poggensee + Yoshiaki Kodama + 6 additional co-workers, "Rapid Translocation Frequency Analysis in Humans Decades after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation," International Journal of Radiation Biology Vol.62, No.1: 53-63. 1992.

Lucas 1995.: Joe N. Lucas + F. Hill + C. Burk + T. Fester + Tore Straume, "Dose-Response Curve for Chromosome Translocations Measured in Human Lymphocytes Exposed to Cobalt-60 Gamma Rays," Health Physics Vol.68, No.6: 761-765. June 1995.

Lucas 1997.: Joe N. Lucas, "Dose Reconstruction for Individuals Exposed to Ionizing Radiation Using Chromosome Painting," Radiation Research Vol.148: S33-S38. 1997.

Lucas 1999.: Joe N. Lucas + 9 co-workers, "Background Ionizing Radiation Plays a Minor Role in the Production of Chromosome Translocations in a Control Population," International Journal of Radiation Biology Vol.75: 819-827. 1999.

Lyon 1968.: M.F. Lyon, "Chromosomal and Subchromosomal Inactivation," Annual Review of Genetics Vol.2: 31-51. 1968. See also: Hall 1990.

MAAS 1994.: (MultiCentre Anti-Atheroma Study.) MAAS Investigators, "Effect of Simvastatin on Coronary Atheroma: The Multicentre Anti-Atheroma Study (MAAS)," Lancet Vol.344: 633-638. 1994. (See also Erratum, Lancet 344: 762. 1994.)

MacIsaac 1993.: Andrew I. MacIsaac + James D. Thomas + Eric J. Topol, "Toward the Quiescent Coronary Plaque," (review paper), Journal of the Amer. College of Cardiology Vol.22: 1228-1241. Oct.1993.

MacKee 1922.: George M. MacKee + George C. Andrews, "The Value of Roentgen Therapy in Dermatology," American journal of Roentgenology and Radium Therapy Vol.9: 241-246. 1922.

MacKee 1938.: George M. MacKee, XRays and Radium in the Treatment of Diseases of the Skin, Third Edition. 830 pages. Several chapters have co-authors. (Lea & Febiger, Malvern PA 19355 USA.) 1938.

MacKenzie 1965.: Ian MacKenzie, "Breast Cancer Following Multiple Fluoroscopies," British Journal of Cancer Vol.19: 1-8. March 1965.

MacMahon 1962.: Brian MacMahon, "PreNatal Xray Exposure and Childhood Cancer," Journal of the National Cancer Institute (USA) Vol.28: 1173-1191. 1962.

Mahan 1975.: Bruce H. Mahan, University Chemistry, Third Edition. 894 pages. LCCN 74-19696. ISBN 0-201-04405-6. (Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Massachusetts.) 1975.

Majesky 1985.: Mark W. Majesky + Michael A. Reidy + Earl P. Benditt + Mont R. Juchau, "Focal Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in the Aortic Intima Produced by an Initiation-Promotion Sequence," Proceedings of the Natl. Academy of Sciences (USA), Vol.82: 3450-3454. May 1985.

Malinow 1994.: M.R. Malinow, "Homocyst(e)ine and Arterial Occlusive Diseases," Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.236: 603-617. 1994.

Marder 1993.: Brad A. Marder + William F. Morgan, "Delayed Chromosomal Instability Induced by DNA Damage," Molecular and Cell Biology Vol.13: 6667-6677. 1993.

Margolis 1969.: S. Margolis, "Structure of Very Low and Low Density Lipoproteins," in Structural and Functional Aspects of Lipoproteins in Living Systems, edited by E. Trea + A.M. Scanu. (Academic Press, New York City.) 1969.

Martell 1974.: Edward A. Martell, "Radioactivity of Tobacco Trichomes and Insoluble Cigarette Smoke Particles," Nature Vol.249: 215-217. May 17, 1974.

Martell 1975.: Edward A. Martell, "Tobacco Radioactivity and Cancer in Smokers," American Scientist Vol.63: 404-412. July-August 1975.

Martell 1982-a.: Edward A. Martell, "Radioactivity in Cigarette Smoke," (letter), New England J. of Medicine Vol.307, No.5: 309. July 29, 1982.

Martell 1982-b.: Edward A. Martell, "The Natural Alpha Radiation Environment: A Preliminary Assessment," pp.121-130 in Proceedings, Natural Radiation Environment, edited by K.G. Vohra et al. (Publisher: Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.) 1982.

Martell 1982-c.: Edward A. Martell + K.S. Sweder, "The Roles of Polonium Isotopes in the Etiology of Lung Cancer in Cigarette Smokers and Uranium Miners," Chapter 61 (pp.383-389) in Radiation Hazards in Mining, proceedings of a 1981 symposium edited by M. Gomez. (American Institute of Mining Engineers, New York.) 1982.

Martell 1983-a.: Edward A. Martell, "Alpha-Radiation Dose at Bronchial Bifurcations of Smokers from Indoor Exposure to Radon Progeny," Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences (USA) Vol.80: 1285-1289. March 1983.

Martell 1983-b.: Edward A. Martell, "Bronchial Cancer Induction by Alpha Radiation: A New Hypothesis," paper C6-11 in Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Radiation Research, edited by J.J. Broerse et al. (Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff, Amsterdam, Netherlands.) 1983

Marx 1994.: Jean Marx, "Coronary Artery Disease: CMV-p53 Interaction May Help Explain Clogged Arteries," Science Vol.265: 320. July 15, 1994.

Maseri 1997.: Attilio Maseri, "Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Ischemic Events --- Exploring the Hidden Side of the Moon," (editorial), New England J. of Medicine Vol.336, No.14: 1014-1016. April 3, 1997.

Mass 1890.: Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Forty-Ninth Report to the Legislature of Massachusetts Relating to the Registry and Return of Births, Marriages, and Deaths in the Commonwealth for the Year Ending December 31, 1890. With editorial remarks by Samuel W. Abbott, M.D. ~417 pages. Public Document No.1., printed 1891. Available courtesy of Naomi Allen, librarian at the Massachusetts State Library, Room 341 State House, Boston, MA 02133, USA. Call number of this report: MR 614.1M3, S44R, 1890.

Masuda 1990.: J. Masuda + Russell Ross, Arteriosclerosis Vol.10: 164-177. 1990.

Masuda 1990-b.: J. Masuda + Russell Ross, Arteriosclerosis Vol.10: 178-187. 1990.

McCully 1969.: K.S. McCully, "Vascular Pathology of Homocysteinemia: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Arteriosclerosis," American Journal of Pathology Vol.56: 111-128. 1969.

McDonald 1989.: K. McDonald + R.S. Rector et al, "Association of Coronary Artery Disease in Cardiac Transplant Recipients with Cytomegalovirus Infection," American Journal of Pathology Vol.64: 359-362. 1989.

McGill 1984.: Henry C. McGill, Jr., "Persistent Problems in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis," (George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture), Arteriosclerosis Vol.4: 443-451. Sept-Oct. 1984.

McGinley 1952.: James P. McGinley + Hardin B. Jones + John W. Gofman, "Lipoproteins and Xanthomatous Diseases," Journal of Investigative Dermatology Vol.19, No.1:71-82, 1952.

McLennan 1993.: P.L. McLennan, "Relative Effects of Dietary Saturated, MonoUnsaturated, and PolyUnsaturated Fatty Acids on Cardiac Arrhythmias in Rats," Amer. J. Clinical Nutrition Vol.57: 207-212. 1993.

McNeil 1985.: Barbara J. McNeil + Dennis Tihansky + John E. Wennberg, "Use of Medical Radiographs: Extent of Variation and Associated Active Bone Marrow Doses," Radiology Vol.156: 51-56. July 1985.

McReynolds 1976.: Richard A. McReynolds + G. Lennard Gold + William C. Roberts, "Coronary Heart Disease after Mediastinal Irradiation for Hodgkin's Disease," American Journal of Medicine Vol.60: 39-45. 1976.

Meier 1999.: Christoph R. Meier + Laura E. Derby + Susan S. Jick + Catherine Vasilakis + Jershel Jick, "AntiBiotics and Risk of Subsequent First-Time Acute Myocardial Infarction," Journal of the American Medical Assn. Vol.218, No.5: 427-431. Feb. 3, 1999.

Melnick 1983.: J.L. Melnick + B.L. Petrie et al, "Cytomegalovirus Antigen within Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells," Lancet Vol.2: 644-647. 1983.

Melnick 1990.: J.L. Melnick + E. Adam + M.E. DeBakey, "Possible Role of Cytomegalovirus in Atherogenesis," Journal of the American Medical Assn Vol.263: 2204-2207. 1990.

Mendall 1994.: Michael A. Mendall + 7 co-workers, "Relation of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Coronary Heart Disease," British Heart Journal Vol.71: 437-439. 1994.

Mendonca 1993.: Marc S. Mendonca + Ronald J. Antoniono + J. Leslie Redpath, "Delayed Heritable Damage and Epigenetics in Radiation-Induced Neoplastic Transformation of Human Hybrid Cells," Radiation Research Vol.134: 209-216. 1993.

Mensink 1992.: R.P. Mensink + M.B. Katan, "Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins: A Meta-Analysis of 27 Trials," Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis Vol.12: 911-919. 1992.

Mettler 1987.: Fred A. Mettler, Jr., "Diagnostic Radiology: Usage and Trends in the United States, 1964-1980," Radiology Vol.162: 263-266. January 1987.

Miller 1989.: Anthony B. Miller + Geoffrey R. Howe + 6 co-workers, "Mortality from Breast Cancer after Irradiation during Fluoroscopic Examinations in Patients Being Treated for Tuberculosis," New England Journal of Medicine Vol.321, No.19: 1285-1289. 1989.

Minick 1973.: C.R. Minick + G.E. Murphy, "Experimental Induction of Atherosclerosis by the Synergy of Allergic Injury to Arteries and Lipid Rich Diet: II, Effect of Repeatedly Injected Foreign Protein in Rabbits Fed a Lipid-Rich, Cholesterol-Poor Diet," American J. Pathology Vol.73: 265-300. 1973. See also Hardin 1973.

Minkler 1970.: Jason L. Minkler + John W. Gofman + Robert K. Tandy, "A Specific Common Chromosomal Pathway for the Origin of Human Malignancy," British Journal of Cancer Vol.24: 726-740. 1970.

Minkler 1971.: Jason L. Minkler + Dolores Piluso + John W. Gofman + Robert K. Tandy, "A Long-Term Effect of Radiation on Chromosomes of Cultured Human Fibroblasts," Mutation Research Vol.13: 67-75. 1971.

MMWR (general).: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report is published by the Epidemiology Program Office, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30333.

MMWR 1987.: "Cigarette Smoking in the United States, 1986," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Vol.36, No.35: 581-585. September 11, 1987.

MMWR 1988.: "Autopsy Frequency --- United States, 1980-1985," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Vol.37: 191-194. 1988.

MMWR 1994.: Gary A. Giovino + 8 co-workers, "Surveillance for Selected Tobacco-Use Behaviors --- United States, 1900-1994," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Vol.43, No. SS-3: 1-43. Nov.18, 1994.

MMWR 1996.: "State-Specific Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking --- United States, 1995," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Vol.45, No.44: 962-974. November 8, 1996.

Modan 1977.: Baruch Modan et al, "Thyroid Cancer Following Scalp Irradiation," Radiology Vol.123: 741-744. 1977.

Modan 1989.: Baruch Modan + Angela Chetrit + Esther Alfandary + Leah Katz, "Increased Risk of Breast Cancer after Low-Dose Irradiation," Lancet: 629-631. March 25, 1989.

Modern Medicine 1949.: Modern Medicine, Minneapolis, Advertising Sales Pamphlet, 1949 --- cited by Donaldson 1951, Table 25.

Moeller 1953.: Dade W. Moeller + James G. Terrill + Samuel C. Ingraham, "Radiation Exposure in the United States," Public Health Reports Vol.68, No.1: 57-65. January 1953.

Montanara 1986.: A. Montanara + R. Pani + R. Pellegrini et al, "The Radiation Dose to the Lens in Radiology of the Orbit," British Journal of Radiology Vol.59: 1171-1173. 1986

Monthly Vital Statistics Report, or MVS (general).: MVS Reports are published by the National Center for Health Statistics. Please see NatCtrHS (general).

Moore 1973.: S. Moore, "Thromboatherosclerosis in Normolipemic Rabbits; a Result of Continued Endothelial Damage," Laboratory Investigation Vol.29: 478-487. 1973.

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.: Please see MMWR, above.

Moreno 1994.: P.R. Moreno + E. Falk + I.F. Palacios + J.B. Newell + V. Fuster + J.T. Fallon, "Macrophage Infiltration in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Implications for Plaque Rupture," Circulation Vol.90: 775-78. 1994.

Morgan 1971.: Karl Z. Morgan, "Never Do Harm," Environment Vol.13: 28-38. 1971.

Morgan 1996.: William F. Morgan + 4 co-workers, "Genomic Instability Induced by Ionizing Radiation," (review), Radiation Research Vol.146: 247-258. 1996.

Morgan 1999.: Karl Z. Morgan + Ken M. Peterson, The Angry Genie: One Man's Walk Through the Nuclear Age. 218 pages. LCCN 98-34766. ISBN 0-8061-3122-5. (University of Oklahoma Press, Norman OK 73069, USA.) 1999.

Morris 1984.: N. Morris + B. Young, "The Accuracy and Interpretation of Numbers for Practical Radiography," Radiographer pp.107-109. 1984.

Moss 1995.: Ralph W. Moss, Questioning Chemotherapy. 214 pages. ISBN 1-881025-25-X. LCCN 95-11440. (Equinox Press, 144 St. John's Place, Brooklyn NY 11217). 1995.

Muhlestein 1996.: Joseph B. Muhlestein + 7 co-workers, "Increased Incidence of Chlamydia Species within the Coronary Arteries of Patients with Symptomatic Atherosclerosis versus Other Forms of Cardiovascular Disease," Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol.27, No.7: 1555-1561. June 1996.

Muldoon 1990.: M.F. Muldoon + S.B. Manuck + K.A. Matthews, "Lowering Cholesterol Concentrations and Mortality: A Quantitative Review of Primary Prevention Trials," British Medical Journal Vol.301: 309-314. 1990.

Munoz 1994.: Nubia Munoz, "Is Helicobacter Pylori a Cause of Gastric Cancer? An Appraisal of the Sero-Epidemiological Evidence," (review), Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol.3: 445-451. Jul-Aug 1994.

Munro 1988.: J. Michael Munro + Ramzi S. Cotran, "Biology of Disease: The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis: Atherogenesis and Inflammation," Laboratory Investigation Vol.58, No.3: 249-261. 1988.

Murata 1986.: K. Murata + T. Motayama + C. Kotake, "Collagen Types in Various Layers of the Human Aorta and Their Changes with the Atherosclerotic Process," Atherosclerosis Vol.60: 251+. 1986.

Mustafa 1985.: A.A. Mustafa + K. Kouris, "Effective Dose Equivalent and Associated Risks from Mass Chest Radiography in Kuwait," Health Physics Vol. 49: 1147-1154. 1985. MVS (general). The Monthly Vital Statistics Report is published by the National Center for Health Statistics. Please see NatCtrHS (general).

Myrden + Hiltz 1969.: J.A. Myrden + J.E. Hiltz, "Breast Cancer Following Multiple Fluoroscopies during Artificial Pneumothorax Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Canadian Medical Association Journal Vol.100: 1032-1034. 1969.

NAS 1956.

: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, The Biological Effects of Radiation: A Report to the Public. 1956. This is one of a series issued by NAS Committees in 1956 on the Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation ... on Genetic Effects ... on Agriculture and Food Supplies ... and on Oceanography and Fisheries.

NatCtrHS (general).: The National Center for Health Statistics is a subdivision of the (U.S.) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services). The NatCtrHS is located at 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville MD 20782. Vital Statistics, Mortality: Telephone 301-436-8884.

NatCtrHS 1980.: National Center for Health Statistics, Average Age-Adjusted Death Rates and Standard Errors (SE) for Major Causes, by Race and Sex; United States and Rank for Each State, 1979-1981. "Based on age-specific death rates per 100,000 population ... using as standard population the age distribution of total U.S. population as enumerated in 1940." These data were provided to us in 1995 by Jeff Maurer at the NatCtrHS, as a printout of over 150 pages.

NatCtrHS 1993.: National Center for Health Statistics, ICD 410 to 414.9, Death Rate/100,000, 1992-1994; All Ages; All Races; By State; STD. POP. 1940. This is a 7-page printout --- 3 pages for males, 3 pages for females, plus one page for both sexes combined, all states combined. Extracted by Jeff Maurer at the NatCtrHS from the Centers for Disease Control "wonder" database at < http://wonder.cdc.gov/ >.

National Center for Health Statistics.: Please see NatCtrHS (general).

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements.: Please see NCRP (general).

National Research Council (USA).: This is an agency of the National Academy of Sciences. The Academy is a society of scholars chartered by Congress in 1863 to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Please see BEIR.

NCI 1990.: National Cancer Institute (USA). No author named. Everything Doesn't Cause Cancer. Booklet, 12 pages. NIH Publication No. 90-2039. (National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services.) March 1990.

NCI 1998.: National Cancer Institute (USA). Cigars: Health Effects and Trends. Monograph 9. 232 pages. No index. This report includes work by "over 50 scientists both within and outside the Federal Government." Senior Scientific Editor: David M. Burns, Professor of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego. NIH Publication No. 98-4302. (National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA 20892.) Feb.1998.

NCRP (general).: The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements is a nonprofit organization. In each of its reports, NCRP publishes a list of radiation-related organizations from which it receives "generous support." A sample from the 1989 list: American College of Nuclear Physicians, American College of Radiology, American Dental Assn., American Medical Assn., American Nuclear Society, American Roentgen Ray Society, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Health Physics Society, Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, Radiological Society of North America, U.S. Airforce, Army, and Navy, U.S. Dept. of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Address: 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda MD 20814, USA. Website: www.ncrp.com

NCRP 1980.: National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements, Influence of Dose and Its Distribution in Time on Dose-Response Relationships for Low-LET Radiations. Report 64. 1980.

NCRP 1984.: National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements, Evaluation of Occupational and Environmental Exposures to Radon and Radon Daughters. Report 78. 1984.

NCRP 1986.: National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements, Mammography: A User's Guide. Report 85. 1986.

NCRP 1987.: National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements, Ionizing Radiation Exposure of the Population of the U.S. Report 93. 87 pages. ISBN 0-913392-91-X. LCCN 87-22062. 1987.

NCRP 1989.: National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements, Exposure of the U.S. Population from Diagnostic Medical Radiation. Report 100. 105 pages. LCCN 88-25316. 1989.

NCRP 1989-b.: National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements, Guidance on Radiation Received in Space Activities. Report 98. 227 pages. ISBN 0-929600-04-5. LCCN 89-3023. 1989.

NCRP 1990.: National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements, The Relative Biological Effectiveness of Radiations of Different Quality. Report 104. 1990.

Neamiro 1983.: E. Neamiro + G. Balode, "Photofluorography of the Thorax." (in the Russian Language). 1983.

Newlin 1978.: N. Newlin, "Reduction in Radiation Exposure: The Rare Earth Screen," American Journal of Roentgenology Vol.130: 1195-1196. 1978.

Nichols 1957.: Alex Nichols + Virginia Dobbin + John W. Gofman, "The Influence of Dietary Factors upon Human Serum Lipoprotein Concentrations," Geriatrics 12: 7-17. 1957.

Nichols 1957-b.: Alex V. Nichols + Frank T. Lindgren + John W. Gofman, "Estimation of Atherogenic Index and Lipoprotein Distribution in Men: Evaluation from Serum Gravimetric Total Lipid and Total Cholesterol Concentration," Geriatrics: 130-138. February 1957.

Nicod 1993.: Pascal Nicod + Urs Scherrer, "Explosive Growth of Coronary Angioplasty: Success Story of a Less-Than-Perfect Procedure," (editorial comment), Circulation Vol.87: 1749-1751. May 1993.

Nobuyoshi 1991.: M. Nobuyoshi + 8 co-workers, "Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis: Is Coronary Spasm Related to Progression?" Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol.18: 904-910. 1991.

Nowell 1976.: Peter C. Nowell, "The Clonal Evolution of Tumor Cell Populations," Science Vol.194: 23-28. 1976.

NRPB 1995.

: National Radiological Protection Board (Britain), Risk of Radiation-Induced Cancer at Low Doses and Low Dose Rates for Radiation Protection Purposes. Prepared by Roger Cox (head of biomedical effects) + Colin Muirhead (head of epidemiology) + John W. Stather + A.A. Edwards + M.P. Little. 77 pages. ISBN 0-85951-386-6. Vol.6, No.1 in the series, Documents of the NRPB. (NRPB, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 ORQ, Britain.) October 1995.

Nygard 1997.: Ottar Nygard + Jan Erik Nordrehaug + Helga Refsum + Per Magne Ueland + Mikael Farstad + Stein Emil Vollset, "Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Mortality in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease," New England Journal of Medicine Vol.337, No.4: 230-236. July 24, 1997.

Oliver 1991.: Michael F. Oliver, "Might Treatment of Hypercholesterolaemia Increase Non-Cardiac Mortality?" Lancet Vol.337: 1529-1531. 1991.

Oliver 1992.: Michael F. Oliver, "Doubts about Preventing Coronary Heart Disease. Multiple Interventions in Middle-Aged Men May Do More Harm Than Good," British Medical Journal Vol.304: 393-394. 1992.

Oliver 1997.: Michael F. Oliver + Laura A. Corr, "The Low Fat/Low Cholesterol Diet Is Ineffective," European Heart Journal Vol.18: 18-22. 1997.

Oncley 1947.: John L. Oncley + G. Scatchard + A. Brown, "Physical-Chemical Characteristics of Certain of the Proteins of Normal Human Plasma," Journal of Physiological Chemistry Vol.51: 184-198. 1947.

Ornish 1990.: (Lifestyle Heart Trial.) Dean Ornish + 9 co-workers, "Can Lifestyle Changes Reverse Coronary Heart Disease?" Lancet Vol.336: 129-133. 1990.

Ornish 1998.: Dean Ornish + 10 co-workers, "Intensive Lifestyle Changes for Reversal of Coronary Heart Disease," Journal of the American Medical Assn Vol.280, No.23: 2001-2007. Dec. 16, 1998.

Osler 1908.: William Osler, "Diseases of the Arteries," pp.429-447 in Modern Medicine: Its Practice and Theory, edited by William Osler. (Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.) 1908.

Palade 1956.: G. Palade, in J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. Vol.2 (Suppl.): 85-98. 1956.

Pappenheimer 1953.: J.R. Pappenheimer, in Physiol. Rev. Vol.14: 404-481. 1953.

Parkes 1991.: Joan Lee Parkes + Robert R. Cardell + Frank C. Hubbard, Jr. + Dale Hubbard + Alan Meltzer + Arthur Penn, "Cultured Human Atherosclerotic Plaque Smooth Muscle Cells Retain Transforming Potential and Display Enhanced Expression of the myc Proto-Oncogene," Amer. J. Pathology 138: 765-775. March 1991. See also: Penn.

Parmley 1997.: Wm. W. Parmley, "Clinical Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction," pp. 11-17 in syllabus of 25th Annual Advances in Medicine, presented by the Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine. (Prof. Parmley, UCSF Box 0656, San Francisco CA 94143-0656). June 23, 1997.

Patel 1995.: P. Patel + Michael A. Mendall + 9 co-workers, "Association of Helicobacter Pylori and Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infections with Coronary Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors," British Medical Journal Vol.311: 711-714. September 16, 1995.

Patterson 1987.: James T. Patterson, The Dread disease: Cancer and Modern American Culture. 380 pages. ISBN 0-674-21625-3. (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.) 1987.

Pearson 1975.: Thomas A. Pearson + A. Wang + Kim Solez + Robert H. Heptinstall, "Clonal Characteristics of Fibrous Plaques and Fatty Streaks from Human Aortas," American J. Pathology Vol.81, No.2: 379-387. Nov.1975.

Pearson 1977.: Thomas A. Pearson + E.C. Kramer + Kim Solez + Robert H. Heptinstall, "The Human Atherosclerotic Plaque," American Journal of Pathology Vol.86, No.3: 657-664. March 1977.

Pearson 1978-a.: Thomas A. Pearson + John M. Dillman + Kim Solez + Robert H. Heptinstall, "Clonal Markers in the Study of the Origin and Growth of Human Atherosclerotic Lesions," Circulation Research Vol.43: 10-18. 1978.

Pearson 1978-b.: Thomas A. Pearson + John M. Dillman + Kim Solez + Robert H. Heptinstall, "Clonal Characteristics in Layers of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques: A Study of the Selection Hypothesis of Monoclonality," American Journal of Pathology Vol.93, No.1: 93-102. October 1978.

Pearson 1980.: Thomas A. Pearson + John M. Dillman + Kim Solez + Robert H. Heptinstall, "Evidence for Two Populations of Fatty Streaks with Different Roles in the Atherogenic Process," Lancet 2: 496-498. 1980.

Pearson 1983-a.: Thomas A. Pearson + John M. Dillman + Robert H. Heptinstall, "The Clonal Characteristics of Human Aortic Intima: Comparison with Fatty Streaks and Normal Media," Amer. J. Pathology Vol.113: 33-40. Oct. 1983.

Pearson 1983-b.: Thomas A. Pearson et al, "Cholesterol-Induced Atherosclerosis: Clonal Characteristics of Arterial Lesions in the Hybrid Hare," Arteriosclerosis Vol.3: 574-580. Nov-Dec. 1983.

Pearson 1993.: Thomas A. Pearson + Herbert J. Marx, "Rapid Reduction in Cardiac Events with Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Mechanisms & Implications," (commentary), Amer. J. Cardiology Vol.72: 1072-1073. Nov.1, 1993.

Pearson 1998.: Thomas A. Pearson, "Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Low-Risk Patients," (commentary), Journal of the American Medical Assn. Vol. 279, No.20: 1659-1661. May 27, 1998.

Pedersen 1994.: Please see Scandinavian 1994.

Pedersen 1995.: Terje R. Pedersen, "Lowering Cholesterol with Drugs and Diet," (editorial), New England J. of Medicine Vol.333, No.20: 1350-1351. November 16, 1995. See also Scandinavian 1994.

Penn 1980.: Arthur Penn + G. Batastini + Roy Albert, "Age-Dependent Changes in Prevalence, Size, and Proliferation of Arterial Lesions in the Cockerel. I. Spontaneous Lesions," Artery Vol.7: 448-463. 1980.

Penn 1981-a.: Arthur Penn + G. Batastini + J. Solomon + F. Burns + Roy Albert, "Dose-Dependent Size Increases of Aortic Lesions Following Chronic Exposure to 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene," Cancer Research 41: 588-92. 1981.

Penn 1981-b.: Arthur Penn et al, "Age-Dependent Changes in Prevalence, Size and Proliferation of Arterial Lesions in Cockerels. II. Carcinogen-Associated Lesions," Artery Vol.9, No.5: 382-393. 1981.

Penn 1986.: Arthur Penn + Seymour J. Garte + Lisa Warren + Douglas Nesta + Bruce Mindich, "Transforming Gene in Human Atherosclerotic Plaque DNA," Proc. Natl. Academy Sci. USA Vol.83: 7951-7955. Oct.1986.

Penn 1988.: Arthur Penn + Carroll A. Snyder, "Arteriosclerotic Plaque Development Is `Promoted' by Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons," Carcinogenesis Vol.9, No.12: 2185-2189. 1988.

Penn 1989.: Arthur Penn, "Molecular Alterations Critical to the Development of Arteriosclerotic Plaques: A Role for Environmental Agents," Environmental Health Perspectives Vol.81: 189-192. 1989.

Penn 1990.: Arthur Penn, "Mutational Events in the Etiology of Arteriosclerotic Plaques," (review), Mutation Research Vol.239: 149-162. 1990.

Penn 1991.: Arthur Penn + Frank C. Hubbard, Jr. + Joan Lee Parkes, "Transforming Potential Is Detectable in Arteriosclerotic Plaques of Young Animals," Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis Vol.11, No.4: 1053-1058. July/August 1991. See also Parkes 1991.

Penn 1993.: Arthur Penn + Carroll A. Snyder, "Inhalation of Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Accelerates Development of Arteriosclerotic Plaques," Circulation Vol.88: 1820-1825. 1993.

Penn 1994.: Arthur Penn + Lung-Chi Chen + Carroll A. Snyder, "Inhalation of Steady-State Sidestream Smoke from One Cigarette Promotes Arteriosclerotic Plaque Development," Circulation Vol.90: 1363-1367. Sept.1994.

Penn 1996.: Arthur Penn et al, "The Tar Fraction of Cigarette Smoke Does Not Promote Arteriosclerotic Plaque Development," Environmental Health Perspectives Vol.104, No.10: 1108-1113. October 1996.

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Radiation Effects Research Foundation (general).: RERF is the successor of the ABCC (Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission), and controls the A-Bomb Survivor databases. It is funded jointly by the U.S. and Japanese governments. 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732 Japan; or via Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. Website: www.rerf.or.jp.

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Roback 1990, 1994.: Please see AMA 1990, 1994.

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Shimizu 1992.: Yukiko Shimizu + Hiroo Kato + William J. Schull + David G. Hoel, "Studies of the Mortality of A-Bomb Survivors. 9. Mortality, 1950-1985: Part 3. Noncancer Mortality Based on the Revised Doses (DS86)," Radiation Research Vol.130: 249-266. 1992. See also: Kodama 1993. And Ueda 1995. And Wong 1993.

Shleien 1977.: B. Shleien + T.T. Tucker + D.W. Johnson, The Mean Active Bone-Marrow Dose to the Adult Population of the U.S. From Diagnostic Radiology. U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), Food and Drug Admin.(FDA), Rockville, Maryland 20857. HEW-FDA Publication 77-8013. 1977.

Shope 1996.: Thomas B. Shope, "Radiation-Induced Skin Injuries from Fluoroscopy," Radiographics Vol.16, No.5: 1195-1199. 1996.

Shope 1997.: Thomas B. Shope, "Proposed Fluoroscopic Amendments," memo & letter March 18, 1997 to "Fluoroscopic Xray System Manufacturers, Users, and Other Interested Parties," from T.B. Shope, U.S. Public Health Service, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 5600 Fishers Lane, HFZ-140, Rockville MD 20857 USA. 1997.

Shore 1993.: Roy E. Shore + Nancy Hildreth + Philip Dvoretsky + Bernard Pasternack + Elena Andresen, "Benign Thyroid Adenomas among Persons X-Irradiated in Infancy for Enlarged Thymus Glands," Radiation Research Vol.134: 217-223. 1993.

Shrivastava 1980.: P.N. Shrivastava, "Model to Analyze Radiographic Factors in Mammography," Medical Physics Vol.76: 222-225. 1980.

Simonton 1951.: John H. Simonton + John W. Gofman, "Macrophage Migration in Experimental Atherosclerosis," Circulation Vol. IV: 557-562. 1951.

Simopoulos 1998.: Artemis P. Simopoulos + Jo Robinson, The Omega Plan: The Medically Proven Diet that Gives You the Essential Nutrients You Need. 380 pages. ISBN 0-06-018281-4. LCCN 97-35344. (Harper-Collins Publishers, New York City.) 1998.

Singh 1992-a.: R.B. Singh + R.R. Rastogi + R. Verma + B. Laxmi + S. Ghosh + M.A. Niaz, "Randomised Controlled Trial of CardioProtective Diet in Patients with Recent Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results of One-Year Follow-Up," British Medical Journal Vol.304: 1015-1019. 1992.

Singh 1992-b.: R.B. Singh et al, "An Indian Experiment with Nutritional Modulation in Acute Myocardial Infarction," American Journal of Cardiology Vol.69: 879-885. 1992.

Slattery 1989.: M.L. Slattery et al, "Cigarette Smoking and Exposure to Passive Smoke Are Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer," Journal of the American Medical Assn. Vol.261: 1593-1598. 1989.

Slyper 1994.: A.H. Slyper, "Low-Density Lipoprotein Density and Atherosclerosis: Unraveling the Connection," Journal of the American Medical Assn. Vol.272: 305-308. 1994.

Smith 1967.: Elspeth B. Smith + P.H. Evans + M.D. Pownham, "Lipid in the Aortic Intima: The Correlation of Morphological and Chemical Characteristics," J. Atheroscler. Res. Vol.7: 171-186. 1967.

Smith 1972.: Elspeth B. Smith + R.S. Slater, "Relationship between Low Density Lipoprotein in Aortic Intima and Serum Lipid Levels," Lancet 1: 463-469. 1972.

Smith 1974.: Elspeth B. Smith, "The Relationship between Plasma and Tissue Lipids in Human Atherosclerosis," Adv. Lipid Research Vol.12: 1-49. 1974.

Smith 1975.: Elspeth B. Smith + D.C. Crothers, "Interaction between Plasma Proteins and the Intercellular Matrix in Human Aortic Intima," in Protides of the Biological Fluids Vol.22: 315-318. Edited by H. Peeters. (Pergamon Press, New York City.) 1975.

Smith 1976.: Elspeth B. Smith + K.A. Alexander + I.B. Massie, "Insoluble `Fibrin' in Human Aortic Intima: Quantitative Studies on the Relationship between Insoluble `Fibrin,' Soluble Fibrinogen and Low Density Lipoprotein," Atherosclerosis Vol.23: 19-39. 1976.

Smith 1977.: Elspeth B. Smith, "Molecular Interactions in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques," American Journal of Pathology Vol.86, No.3: 665-674. March 1977.

Smith 1992.: G. Davey Smith + J. Pekkanen, "Should There Be a Moratorium on the Use of Cholesterol Lowering Drugs?" British Medical Journal Vol.304: 431-434. 1992.

Smith 1997.: Karen Smith + Julie Parsonnet, "Association between Prior Cytomegalovirus Infections and the Risk of Restenosis...", (letter), New England Journal of Medicine Vol.336, No.8: 587. Feb. 20, 1997.

Speir 1994.: Edith Speir + six co-workers, "Potential Role of Human Cytomegalovirus and p53 Interaction in Coronary Restenosis," Science Vol.265: 391-394. July 15, 1994.

Spodick 1959.: D.H. Spodick, p.140 in Acute Pericarditis. (Published by Grune & Stratton Inc.) 1959.

Srinivasan 1972.: S.R. Srinivasan et al, "Isolation of Lipoprotein-Acid Mucopolysaccharide Complexes from Fatty Streaks of Human Aortas," Atherosclerosis Vol.16: 95-104. 1972.

Stamler 1987.: J.S. Stamler, "Epidemiology, Established Major Risk Factors, and the Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease," in Cardiology, edited by W.W. Parmley + K. Chatterjee. (J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA.) 1987.

Stamler 1996.: Jeremiah S. Stamler + A. Slikva, "Biological Chemistry of Thiols in the Vasculature and in Vascular-Related Disease," Nutrition Reviews Vol.54: 1-30. 1996.

Stampfer 1992.: Meir J. Stampfer + M.R. Malinow + Walter C. Willett et al, "A Prospective Study of Plasma Homocyst(e)ine and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in U.S. Physicians," J. Amer. Med. Assn. 268: 877-881. 1992.

Stampfer 1993.: M.J. Stampfer + C.H. Hennekens + J.E. Manson + G.A. Colditz + B. Rosner + W.C. Willett, "Vitamin-E Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Disease in Women," New Engl. J. Med. 328: 1444-1449. 1993.

Stampfer 1996.: Meir J. Stampfer + Ronald M. Krauss + Jing Ma + Patricia J. Blanche + Laura G. Halt + Frank M. Sacks + Charles H. Hennekins, "A Prospective Study of Triglyceride Level, Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Diameter, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction," J. Amer. Medical Assn. Vol.276: 882-888. Sept. 18, 1996.

Stanton 1983.: R. Stanton + O. Tretiak, "Dose Reduction through Variable Dose CT Scanning: Optimality of the Filtered Backprojection Algorithm," Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography Vol.7: 1054-1061. 1983.

Stary 1987.: Herbert C. Stary, "Evolution and Progression of Atherosclerosis in the Coronary Arteries of Children and Adults," pp.56-63 in Atherogenesis and Aging, edited by S.R. Bates + E.C. Gangloff. (Springer Verlag.) 1987.

Stary 1992.: Herbert C. Stary + David H. Blankenhorn + A.B. Chandler + S. Glagov + W. Insull, Jr. + M. Richardson + M.E. Rosenfeld + S.A. Schaffer + C.J. Schwartz + W.D. Wagner + R.W. Wissler, "A Definition of the Intima of Human Arteries and of Its Atherosclerosis-Prone Regions: A Report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Assn.," (special report), Circulation Vol.85: 391-405. 1992.

Stary 1994.: Herbert C. Stary + 9 co-authors, "A Definition of Initial, Fatty Streak, and Intermediate Lesions of Atherosclerosis: A Report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association," an AHA Medical/Scientific Statement (approved October 20, 1992 by the AHA SAC/Steering Committee) Special Report in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis Vol.14, No.5: 840-856. May 1994.

Stary 1995.: Herbert C. Stary + 9 co-authors, "A Definition of Advanced Types of Atherosclerotic Lesions and a Histological Classification of Atherosclerosis: A Report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association," an AHA Medical/Scientific Statement. Circulation Vol.92, No.5: 1355-1374. 1995.

Steer 1973.: A. Steer + I.M.Moriyamaa + K. Shimizu, ABCC-JNIH Pathology Studies, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Report 3. The Autopsy Program and the LSS Study: January 1951-December 1970. Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission Report TR-16-73. (Radiation Effects Research Fdn, Hiroshima). 1973.

Steinberg 1987.: D. Steinberg, "Current Theories of the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis," in Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis and Prevention, edited by D. Steinberg + J.M. Olefsky. (Churchill/Livingston, New York City.) 1987.

Steinberg 1991.: Daniel Steinberg, "Anti-Oxidants and Atherosclerosis: A Current Assessment," (editorial), Circulation Vol.84, No.3: 1420-1425. Sept.1991.

Steinbrecher 1990.: U.P. Steinbrecher + H.F. Zhang + M. Lougheed, Free Radical Biol. Med. Vol.9: 155-168. 1990.

Stemerman 1972.: M.B. Stemerman + R. Ross, "Experimental Arteriosclerosis. I. Fibrous Plaque Formation in Primates; an Electron Microscope Study," Journal of Exp. Medicine Vol.136: 769-789. 1972.

Stewart 1956.: Alice M. Stewart + J.W. Webb + B.D. Giles + D. Hewitt, "Preliminary Communication: Malignant Disease in Childhood, and Diagnostic Irradiation In-Utero," Lancet 2: 447. 1956.

Stewart 1958.: Alice M. Stewart + J.W. Webb + D. Hewitt, "A Survey of Childhood Malignancies," British Medical Journal Vol.2: 1495-1508. 1958.

Stewart 1960.: William H. Stewart + Maryland Y. Pennell, Health Manpower Source Book 10. Physicians' Age, Type of Practice, and Location. 199 pages. Public Health Service Publication No. 263, Section 10. 1960. Produced by U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Division of Public Health Methods. Printed by U.S. Government Printing Office. UCSF Library: RA410.7, A1, A36, No.10, 1960.

Stewart 1967.: J. Robert Stewart + Keith E. Cohn + Luis F. Fajardo + E. William Hancock + Henry S. Kaplan, "Radiation-Induced Heart Disease: A Study of 25 Patients," Radiology Vol.89: 302-310. August 1967.

Stewart 1970.: Alice M. Stewart + George W. Kneale, "Radiation Dose Effects in Relation to Obstetric Xrays and Childhood Cancers," Lancet 1: 1185-1188. 1970.

Stewart 1978.: J. Robert Stewart + Luis F. Fajardo, "Cancer and Coronary Artery Disease," (editorial), Internatl. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys. Vol.4: 915-916. 1978.

Stewart 1984.: J. Robert Stewart + Luis F. Fajardo, "Radiation-Induced Heart Disease: An Update," Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases Vol.27, No.3: 173-194. Nov./Dec. 1984.

Storey 1998.: Alan Storey + 9 co-workers, "Role of a p53 Polymorphism in the Development of Human PapillomaVirus-Associated Cancer," Nature Vol.393: 229-234. May 21, 1998.

Straume 1995.: Tore Straume, "High-Energy Gamma Rays in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Implications for Risk and Weighting Factor," Health Physics Vol.69, No.6: 954-956. December 1995.

Strong 1966.: J.P. Strong + L.S. Solberg + C. Restrepo, "The International Atherosclerosis Project," Circulation Vol.33-34 (Suppl.3): 31+. 1966. Greater detail in Geographic Pathology of Atherosclerosis, edited by H. McGill and published in 1968 (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD).

Suleiman 1992.: Orhan H. Suleiman + Barton J. Conway + Fred G. Rueter + Robert J. Slayton, "Automatic Film Processing: Analysis of 9 Years of Observations," Radiology Vol.185: 25-28. 1992.

Sullivan 1986.: (Please compare with next entry.) Chuck Sullivan, "Linear Regression, the Easy Way," Lotus Journal, pp.85-88. June 1986.

Sullivan 1986.: (Please compare with preceding entry.) D.R. Sullivan + T.A.B. Sanders + I.M.Trayner + G.R. Thompson, "Paradoxical Elevation of LDL Apoprotein B Levels in Hypertriglyceridaemia Patients and Normal Subjects Ingesting Fish Oil," Atherosclerosis Vol.61: 129-134. 1986.

Sulzberger 1952.: Marion B. Sulzberger + Rudolf L. Baer + Alexander Borota, "Do Roentgen-Ray Treatments as Given by Skin Specialists Produce Cancers or Other Sequelae?" American Medical Association Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology Vol.65, No.6: 639-655. June 1952.

Suntharalingham 1982.: N. Suntharalingham, "Medical Radiation Dosimetry," International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes Vol.33: 991-1006. 1982.

SurgeonGen 1964.: Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Commitee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. 387 pages. No index. Public Health Service Publication 1103. (U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare --- now Dept. of Health and Human Services.) 1964.

Svedberg 1940.: The Svedberg + Kai Pedersen, The Ultracentrifuge. (Oxford University Press, London.) 1940.

TaskForce 1994: Recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society, and European Society of Hypertension, by K. Pyorala et al on behalf of the Task Force, "Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Clinical Practice," European Heart Journal Vol.15: 1300-1331. 1994.

Taylor 1979.: Kenneth W. Taylor + N.L. Patt + H.E. Johns, "Variations in Xray Exposures to Patients," Journal of the Canadian Assn. of Radiologists Vol.30: 6-11. 1979.

Taylor 1983.: Kenneth W. Taylor, "Diagnostic Radiology," Chapter 16 in The Physics of Radiology, Fourth Edition. Edited by H.E. Johns and J.R. Cunningham. (Charles C. Thomas, publisher, Springfield, Illinois, USA.) 1983.

Temin 1988.: H. Temin, "Evolution of Cancer Genes as a Mutation-Driven Process," Cancer Research Vol.48: 1697+. 1988.

Terkel 1995.: Studs Terkel, Coming of Age: The Story of Our Century By Those Who've Lived It. 468 pages. ISBN 1-56584-284-7. LCCN 95-3806. (The New Press, New York City.) 1995.

Thom 1992.: David H. Thom + 5 co-workers, "Association of Prior Infection with Chlamydia Pneumoniae and Angiographically Demonstrated Coronary Artery Disease," J. Amer. Med. Assn. 268: 68-72. July 1, 1992.

Thomas 1963.: W.A. Thomas + 5 co-workers, "Production of Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Rats Characterized by Proliferation of `Modified Smooth Muscle Cells'," Experimental Mol. Pathol. Vol.2 (supplement 1): '40-60. 1963.

Thomas 1979.: W.A. Thomas et al, "Population Dynamics of Arterial Cells during Atherogenesis: X. Study of Monotypism in Atherosclerotic Lesions...", Experimental Mol. Pathology Vol.31: 367-386. 1979.

Thomas 1983.: W.A. Thomas + D.N. Kim, "Biology of Disease: Atherosclerosis as a Hyperplastic and/or Neoplastic Process," Laboratory Investigation Vol.48, No.3: 245-255. 1983.

Thompson 1997.: Paul D. Thompson, "More on Coronary-Plaque Rupture Triggered by Snow Shoveling," (letter), New England Journal of Medicine Vol.336, No.23: 1678. June 5, 1997.

Tlsty 1993.: T.D. Tlsty + 10 co-workers, "Loss of Chromosomal Integrity in Neoplasia," Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology Vol. 58: 645-654. 1993.

Tobacco 1976.: Tobacco Research Council Research Paper 1, Statistics of Smoking in the United Kingdom, 7th Edition, edited by P.N. Lee. 1976.

Tonomura 1983.: Akira Tonomura + Kunikazu Kishi + Fumiko Saito, "Types and Frequencies of Chromosome Aberrations in Peripheral Lymphocytes of General Populations," Chapter 28 (pp.605-616) in Radiation-Induced Chromosome Damage in Man, edited by Takaaki Ishihara + Masao S. Sasaki. ISBN 0-8451-2404-8. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York City.) 1983.

Tracy 1965.: R.E. Tracy + K.R. Dzoga + R.W. Wissler, "Sequestration of Serum Low-Density Lipoproteins in the Arterial Intima by Complex Formation," Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. Vol.118: 1095-1098. 1965.

Treasure 1995.: C.B. Treasure + J.L. Klein + W.S. Weintraub et al, "Beneficial Effects of Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy on the Coronary Endothelium in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease," New Engl. J. Med. 332: 481-487. 1995.

Trosko 1980.: J.E. Trosko + C-c. Chang, "An Integrative Hypothesis Linking Cancer, Diabetes, and Atherosclerosis: The Role of Mutations and Epigenetic Changes," Medical Hypotheses Vol.6: 455-468. 1980.

Tucker 1994.: J.D. Tucker + 5 co-workers, "On the Frequency of Chromosomal Exchanges in a Control Population Measured by Chromosome Painting," Mutation Research Vol.313: 193-202. 1994.

Tyndall 1987.: D. Tyndall + D. Washburn, "The Effect of Rare Earth Filtration on Patient Exposure, Dose Reduction, and Image Quality in Oral Panoramic Radiology," Health Physics Vol.52: 17-26. 1987.

Ueda 1995.: Hironori Ueda, "Arteriosclerosis in the Atomic-Bomb Survivors," RERF Update Vol.7, No.2: 6-7. Summer 1995. (Rad'n Effects Research Fdn, Hiroshima). Preceded by Shimizu 1992.

UNSCEAR 1958.

: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Report to the General Assembly, Thirteenth Session, Supplement No.17 (A/3838). (United Nations, New York City.) 1958.

UNSCEAR 1977.

: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, With Annexes. Report to the General Assembly. No index. (United Nations, New York.) 1977.

UNSCEAR 1982.

: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Ionizing Radiation: Sources & Biological Effects. Report A/37/45. 37th Session of General Assembly, Supplement No.45. (United Nations, New York City.) 1982.

UNSCEAR 1986.

: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Genetic and Somatic Effects of Ionizing Radiation. No index. ISBN 92-1-142123-3. (United Nations, New York City. Sales No. E.86.IX.9.) 1986.

UNSCEAR 1988.

: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. 647 pages. No index. ISBN 92-1-142143-8. (United Nations, New York City. Sales No. E.88.IX.7.) 1988.

UNSCEAR 1993.

: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation: UNSCEAR 1993 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. 922 pages. No index. ISBN 92-1-142200-0. (United Nations Sales No. E.94.IX.2. Available (US $90) from Bernan Associates, 4611-F Assembly Drive, Lanham, Maryland USA 20706-4391. 1993.

UNSCEAR 1994.

: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation: UNSCEAR 1994 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. 272 pages. No index. ISBN 92-1-142211-6. U.N. Sales No. E.94.IX.11. 1994.

Van de Wal 1994.: A.C. Van de Wal + A.E. Becker + C.M. Van der Loos + P.K Das, "Site of Intimal Rupture or Erosion of Thrombosed Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques Is Characterized by an Inflammatory Process Irrespective of the Dominant Plaque Morphology," Circulation Vol. 89:36-44. 1994.

Verhoef 1994.: P. Verhoef + C.H. Hennekens + M.R. Malinow + F.J. Kok + W.C. Willett + M.J. Stampfer, "A Prospective Study of Plasma Homocyst(e)ine and Risk of Ischemic Stroke," STROKE Vol.25: 1924-1930. 1994.

Virchow 1856.: Rudolph Virchow, Phlogose und Thrombose im Gefasssystem. Gesammelte Abhand-Lungen Zur Wissenschaftlichen Medicin. (Meidinger Sohn and Co., Frankfurt.) 1856.

Vital Statistics USA.: Please see specific entries: Census Bureau. Grove 1968. Linder 1947. MVS. NatCtgen. PHS.

Wagner 1976.: R.S. Wagner + K.E. Weaver, "Prospects for X-Ray Exposure Reduction Using Rare Earth Intensifying Screens," Radiology Vol.118: 183-188. 1976.

Ward 1985.: John F. Ward, "Mammalian Cells Are Not Killed by DNA Single-Strand Breaks Caused by Hydroxyl Radicals from Hydrogen Peroxide," Radiation Research Vol.103: 383-392. 1985.

Ward 1985-b.: John F. Ward, "Biochemistry of DNA Lesions," Radiation Research Vol.104, Supplement 8: S103-S111. 1985.

Ward 1988.: John F. Ward, "DNA Damage Produced by Ionizing Radiation in Mammalian Cells: Identities, Mechanisms of Formation, and Reparability," pp.95-125 in Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology Vol.35. (Academic Press.) 1988.

Ward 1990.: John F. Ward, "The Yield of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Produced Intracellularly by Ionizing Radiation: A Review," International J. of Radiation Biology Vol.57, No.6: 1141-1150. 1990.

Ward 1991.: John F. Ward, "Response to Commentary by D. Billen," (letter), Radiation Research Vol.126: 385-387. 1991.

Ward 1991-b.: John F. Ward, "DNA Damage and Repair," pp.403-421 in Physical and Chemical Mechanisms in Molecular Radiation Biology. W.A. Glass + M.N. Varma, editors. (Plenum Press, New York.) 1991.

Ward 1994.: John F. Ward + J.R. Milligan + G.D.D. Jones, "Biological Consequences of Non-Homogeneous Energy Depositions by Ionizing Radiation," Radiation Protection Dosimetry Vol.52: 271-276. 1994.

Ward 1995.: John F. Ward, "Radiation Mutagenesis: The Initial DNA Lesions Responsible," Radiation Research Vol.142: 362-368. 1995. (Errata 1995: Rad'n Research Vol.143: 355.)

Warren 1942.: Shields Warren, "Effects of Radiation on Normal Tissues; VI. Effects of Radiation on the Cardiovascular System," Archives of Pathology Vol.34: 1070-1084. Dec.1942. UCSF Library: W1, AR, 468A. 1942. The series begins in the August 1942 issue, and continues into the January and February 1943 issues.

Waters 1994.: (CCAIT Study.) D. Waters + L. Higginson + P. Gladstone + B. Kimball + M. Lemay + J. Lesperance, "Effects of Monotherapy with an HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor on the Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis as Assessed by Serial Quantitative Coronary Arteriography: The Canadian Coronary Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial," Circulation Vol.89: 959-968. 1994.

Watts 1992.: (STARS Study.) G.F. Watts + B. Lewis + J.N.H. Brunt + E.S. Lewis + D.J. Coltart + L.D.R. Smith + J.I. Mann + A.V. Swan, "Effects on Coronary Artery Disease of Lipid-Lowering Diet, or Diet plus Cholestyramine, in the St. Thomas' Atherosclerosis Regression Study (STARS)," Lancet Vol.339: 563-569. 1992.

Webster 1954.: Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, College Edition. (New York: World Publishing Company.) 1954.

Webster 1990.: M.W.I. Webster + 6 co-workers, "Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Artery Occlusion: A Prospective 5-Year Angiographic Study," (abstract), J. Amer. College of Cardiol. Vol.15 (suppl.A): 218A. 1990.

Weiss 1998.: Peter Weiss, "Another Face of Entropy: Particles Self-Organize to Make Room for Randomness," Science News Vol.154: 108-109. August 15, 1998.

Wells 1923.: H.G. Wells, "Relation of Clinical to Necropsy Diagnosis in Cancer and Value of Existing Cancer Statistics," Journal of the American Medical Assn. Vol.80: 737-740. 1923.

WHO 1958.: World Health Organization (United Nations, Geneva), International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death. The following list of the nine revisions (from PHS 1995, p.299) gives "year of conference by which adopted" and then "years of use in USA". First Revision, adopted 1900, in use USA 1900-1909. Second Revision, adopted 1909, in use USA 1910-1920. Third Revision, adopted 1920, in use USA 1921-1929. Fourth Revision, adopted 1929, in use USA 1930-1938. Fifth Revision, adopted 1938, in use USA 1939-1948. Sixth Revision, adopted 1948, in use USA 1949-1957. Seventh Revision, adopted 1955, in use USA 1958-1967. Eighth Revision, adopted 1965, in use USA 1968-1978. Ninth Revision, adopted 1975, in use USA 1979 to present.

WHO 1995.: World Health Organization's international symposium, "Health Consequences of the Chernobyl and Other Radiological Accidents," held in Geneva on November 20-23, 1995. See coverage in "Chernobyl's Thyroid Cancer Toll," by Michael Balter, Science Vol.270: 1758-1759, Dec. 15, 1995.

WHO 1996.: World Health Organization (United Nations, Geneva), Office of World Health Reporting, The World Health Report 1996: Fighting Disease, Fostering Development; Report of the Director-General, WHO. 143 pages. Index. ISBN 92-4-156182-3. ISSN 1020-3311. WHO Office of World Health Reporting, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. 1996. UCSF Library: RA8, A3, W67, 1996.

Wiatrowski 1983.: W. A. Wiatrowski + D.T. Kopp + D.W. Jordan et al. "Factors Affecting Radiation Exposure and Radiographic Image Contrast in Urology," Health Physics Vol.45: 599-605. 1983.

Wilcox 1989.: J.N. Wilcox + K.M. Smith + S.M. Schwartz + D. Gordon, "Localization of Tissue Factor in the Normal Vessel Wall and in the Atherosclerotic Plaque," Proc. Natl. Academy Sci. (USA) 86: 2839-43. 1989.

Winkelstein 1990.: W. Winkelstein Jr., "Smoking and Cervical Cancer --- Current Status: A Review," American Journal of Epidemiology Vol.6: 945-957. 1990.

Winters 1982-a.: T.H. Winters + J.R. DiFranza, "Radioactivity in Cigarette Smoke," (letter) New England Journal of Medicine Vol.306: 364-365. February 11, 1982.

Winters 1982-b.: T.H. Winters + J.R. DiFranza, "Radioactivity in Cigarette Smoke," (letter) New England Journal of Medicine Vol.309: 312-313. July 29, 1982. Pages 309-312 of this same issue carry seven letters commenting on Winters 1982-a; combined, these letters cite most of the then-existing literature on this topic.

Witztum 1991.: J.L. Witztum + D. Steinberg, "Role of Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein in Atherogenesis," Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol.88: 1785-1792. 1991.

Wochos 1977.: J.F. Wochos + J.R. Cameron, Patient Exposure from Diagnostic XRays: An Analysis of 1972-1974 NEXT Data. HEW Publication (FDA) 77-8020. (U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service (FDA), Bureau of Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA 20857.) 1977.

Wochos 1979.: J.F. Wochos + N. Detorie + J.R. Cameron, "Patient Exposure from Diagnostic Xrays: An Analysis of 1972-1975 NEXT Data," Health Physics Vol.36: 127-134. 1979.

Wolbach 1909.: S.B. Wolbach, "The Pathologic History of Chronic X-Ray Dermatitis & Early X-Ray Carcinoma," Journal Med. Research Vol.21: 415-449. 1909.

Wolfman 1986.: L. Wolfman, Wolfman Report on the Photographic Industry in the United States, 1963-1986. (ABC Leisure Publications, New York.) 1986.

Wong 1993.: F. Lennie Wong + Michiko Yamada + Hideo Sasaki + Kazunori Kodama + 3 more, "Noncancer Disease Incidence in the Atomic Bomb Survivors: 1958-1986," Radiation Research Vol.135: 418-430. 1993.

World Almanac 1991.: World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1991, edited by Mark S. Hoffman. 960 pages. ISBN 0-88687-580-3. U.S. Population figures, 1790-1980, from U.S. Census, at pp.552-553. (Pharos Books, Scripps-Howard Company, New York City.) 1990.

World Health Organization (WHO).: Please see WHO 1958, WHO 1995, and WHO 1996, above.

Wu 1999.: Li-Jun Wu + Gerhard Randers-Pehrson + An Xu + Charles Waldren + Charles R. Geard + ZengLiang Yu + Tom K. Hei. "Targeted Cytoplasmic Irradiation with Alpha Particles Induces Mutations in Mammalian Cells," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol.96: 4959-4964. April 1999.

Yamashiroya 1988.: H.M. Yamashiroya + L. Ghosh + R. Yang + A.L. Robertson Jr., "Herpesviridae in the Coronary Arteries and Aorta of Young Trauma Victims," American Journal of Pathology Vol.130: 71-79. 1988.

Yew 1989.: P. Renee Yew + Tripathi B. Rajavashisth + James Forrester + Peter Barath + Aldons J. Lusis, "NIH3T3 Transforming Gene Not a General Feature of Atherosclerotic Plaque DNA," Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Vol.165, No.3: 1067-1071. Dec. 29, 1989.

Yla-Herttuala 1986.: S. Yla-Herttuala + 4 co-workers, "Glycosaminoglycans in Normal and Atherosclerotic Human Coronary Arteries," Laboratory Investigation Vol.54: 402+. 1986.

Young 1960.: Wei Young + John W. Gofman + Robert K. Tandy + Nathan Malamud + Eunice Waters, in American Journal of Cardiology Vol.6: 294-308. 1960.

Young 1994.: Stephen G. Young + Sampath Parthasarathy, "Why Are Low-Density Lipoproteins Atherogenic?" Western Journal of Medicine Vol.160, No.2: 153-164. 1994

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