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back to RMP | CNR | radiation | rat haus | Index | Search | treeSECTION ONE Orientation, Materials, Methods Introduction ........................................................................... 1 Abstract ............................................................................... 5 Chap.1 Executive Summary of This Book ......................................................... 7 2 Pre-1960 and Post-1960 Uses of Medical Radiation, and Its Carcinogenic Action .......... 27 3 PhysPops --- The Doses in Some Massive Studies of Dose-Response ........................ 53 4 Mortality Rates --- The Responses in the Dose-Response Studies ......................... 77 5 Dose-Response, Linear Regression, and Some Other Key Concepts in Our Analyses .......... 89 SECTION TWO Cancer Mortality: Evidence that Medical Radiation Became a Principal Cause by 1940 6 All-Cancers-Combined, Males: Relation with Medical Radiation .......................... 107 7 All-Cancers-Combined, Females: Relation with Medical Radiation ........................ 119 8 Breast Cancer, Females ................................................................. 125 9 Digestive-System Cancers, Males ........................................................ 131 10 Digestive-System Cancers, Females ...................................................... 137 11 Urinary-System Cancers, Males .......................................................... 143 12 Urinary-System Cancers, Females ........................................................ 149 13 Genital Cancers, Males ................................................................. 155 14 Genital Cancers, Females ............................................................... 161 15 Buccal-Cavity & Pharynx Cancers, Males ................................................. 169 16 Respiratory-System Cancers, Males ...................................................... 175 17 Respiratory-System Cancers, Females .................................................... 181 18 "Difference" Cancers (All-minus-Respiratory), Males .................................... 187 19 "Difference" Cancers (All-minus-Respiratory), Females .................................. 193 20 All-Cancer-Except-Genital-Cancer ....................................................... 199 21 All-Cancer Except (Genital + Respiratory) .............................................. 205 22 Summarized Results of Chapters 6 - 21, and Discussion .................................. 209 SECTION THREE NonCancer NonIHD Mortality: Inverse Dose-Response with Medical Radiation 23 All Causes of Death Combined: Relation with Medical Radiation ......................... 223 24 All Causes of Death Except Cancer ...................................................... 229 25 All Causes of Death Except (Cancer + Ischemic Heart Disease) ........................... 233 26 Appendicitis, Deaths ................................................................... 238 27 CNS Vascular-Lesions (Strokes), Deaths ................................................. 241 28 Chronic Nephritis, Deaths .............................................................. 244 29 Diabetes Mellitus, Deaths .............................................................. 247 30 Hypertensive Disease, Deaths ........................................................... 250 31 Influenza and Pneumonia, Deaths ........................................................ 253 32 Fatal Motor-Vehicle Accidents .......................................................... 256 33 Other Fatal Accidents .................................................................. 259 34 Rheumatic Fever & Rheumatic Heart Disease .............................................. 262 35 Syphilis and Sequelae, Deaths .......................................................... 265 36 Tuberculosis, Deaths ................................................................... 267 37 Ulcer of Stomach and Duodenum, Deaths .................................................. 270 38 Summary on NonCancer NonIHD Results: Facts "Demanding" an Explanation ................. 272 SECTION FOUR Ischemic Heart Disease: Evidence that Medical Radiation Became an Important Cause by 1950 39 Ischemic Heart Disease: Medical Radiation as a Cause ................................... 275 40 IHD in Males: The Dose-Response between Medical Radiation and IHD ...................... 279 41 IHD in Females: The Dose-Response between Medical Radiation and IHD .................... 289 42 Similarities in the IHD and Cancer Findings: Tumors in Both Diseases? .................. 295 43 Nature of Atherosclerotic Lesions Underlying IHD ........................................ 299 44 Some "Schools" of Thought on IHD Etiology and on IHD Acute Fatal Events ................. 305 45 Unified Model: Intersection of Lipoproteins & Dysfunctional Clones of SMCs ............. 337 46 How the Unified Model Helps to Explain, or Relates to, Other Observations ............... 345 SECTION FIVE Cancer and IHD Mortality after 1940: Fractional Causation by Medical Radiation 47 Evaluating Fractional Causation in the Post-1940 Decades: How We Start ................. 355 48 Cigarette Smoking: When, Who, How Much, and Especially Where ........................... 361 49 All-Cancers, Males, 1940-1988: Fractional Causation by Medical Radiation ............... 375 50 All-Cancers, Females, 1940-1988: Fractional Causation by Medical Radiation ............. 387 51 Respiratory-System Cancers, Males, 1940-1988 ............................................ 393 52 Respiratory-System Cancers, Females, 1940-1988 .......................................... 405 53 Difference-Cancers, Males, 1940-1988 .................................................... 411 54 Difference-Cancers, Females, 1940-1988 .................................................. 417 55 Breast-Cancers, Females, 1940-1990 ...................................................... 423 56 All-Cancers-Except-Genital, Females, 1940-1980 .......................................... 429 57 Digestive-System Cancers, Males, 1940-1988 .............................................. 435 58 Digestive-System Cancers, Females, 1940-1988 ............................................ 441 59 Urinary-System Cancers, Males, 1940-1980 ................................................ 447 60 Urinary-System Cancers, Females, 1940-1980 .............................................. 455 61 Genital Cancers, Males, 1940-1990 ....................................................... 461 62 Genital Cancers, Females, 1940-1980 ..................................................... 467 63 Buccal-Pharynx Cancers, Males, 1940-1980 ................................................ 469 64 Ischemic Heart Disease, Males, 1950-1993 ................................................ 477 65 Ischemic Heart Disease, Females, 1950-1993 .............................................. 483 66 Summarized Results, from Evidence Which Spans about a Half-Century ...................... 489 SECTION SIX The Status of Hypotheses One and Two 67 Our Findings: In Conflict with Existing Evidence? ...................................... 495 68 Is There a Reasonable Non-Radiation Explanation for the Observations? ................... 507 69 Conclusion: Making Sense of Three Sets of Irrefutable Correlations ..................... 513 APPENDICES App A Dose-Units and Dose-Levels of Ionizing Radiation ........................................ 517 App B The Safe-Dose Fallacy: Summary of Three Remarkably Similar Reports ..................... 521 App C The Free-Radical Fallacy about Ionizing Radiation: A Demonstration ..................... 530 App D Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability: What It Is, and Why It Is Important ............. 533 App E Some Pathways toward Understanding the Atherogenic Role of Lipoproteins ................. 538 App F Dietary Advice in Prevention and Management of Ischemic Heart Disease ................... 555 App G Any Goodness in "Good Cholesterol" ? .................................................... 577 App H "Small, Dense Lipoprotein Particles" Especially Atherogenic?: Basis for Strong Doubt ... 586 App I "Snapshot" Epidemiology: Why Lipid Levels Seemed Less Important at Older Ages .......... 594 App J Coronary Effects of Very High-Dose Medical Radiation .................................... 599 App K Mid-Century: Average Annual Per Capita Dose from Diagnostic Medical Xrays .............. 609 App L Radiation "Hormesis": How an Illusion Can Arise from "Perfectly Good Data" ............. 617 App M Fractional Causation, 1980-1993, after an Alternate Smoking Adjustment .................. 621 App N PhysPop Omitted: Correlations between Canc. & IHD MortRates (Past, Present) ............ 642 Reference List .................................................................................. 645 Index and Glossary .............................................................................. 677